Convalescent plasma therapy in patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19: A study from Indonesia for clinical research in low- and middle-income countries.

Background: We explored the outcome of convalescent plasma (CP) treatment in patients with moderate and severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and investigated variables for the design of further trials in Indonesia.

Methods: Hospitalised patients with moderate ( = 5) and severe ( = 5) COVID-19 were recruited and transfused with CP from donors who recovered from mild ( = 5), moderate ( = 5), or severe ( = 1) COVID-19. Neutralising antibodies (NAbs) to the virus were measured at the end of the study using a surrogate virus neutralisation test as an alternative to the plaque reduction assay.