Multidrug-Resistant Strains Thrive in Dairy and Beef Production, Processing, and Supply Lines in Five Geographical Areas in Ethiopia.

Livestock, farms, abattoirs, and food supply systems can become the source of foodborne pathogens, including , in the absence of monitoring, general hygienic practices, and control. Studies are scarce on reservoirs (hiding places) and routes of entry of into the food supply chain in Ethiopia. To fill these gaps, we evaluated the role of cows (milk), meat, equipment, and food handlers on the abundance and AMR of in five geographical areas in central Oromia, Ethiopia.

Incidence and Predictors of Calf Morbidity and Mortality From Birth to 6-Months of Age in Dairy Farms of Northwestern Ethiopia.

The Ethiopian government has initiatives for expanding the commercial and smallholder market-oriented urban and peri-urban dairy production systems to meet the demands for dairy products. However, there have been only limited on-farm studies on the health performance of commercial dairy breeds. The aim of this longitudinal study was to quantify the incidence and identify predictors of calf morbidity and mortality from birth to 6 months of age in urban and peri-urban dairy farms of Northwest Ethiopia.

Detection and Antimicrobial Resistance of Species from Chicken, Chicken Litter, and Humans in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: In veterinary medicine, three species are of particular importance as primary causes of specific diseases; (mastitis in ruminants, equine botryomycosis, and bumble foot in poultry), (porcine exudative epidermitis), and (canine pyoderma). The disease conditions caused by in poultry vary with site, route, and predisposing factors include wounds as a result of fighting/cannibalism, immunosuppression based on virus infection or parasite infestation, and bad husbandry conditions (overcrowding). The objectives of this study were to isolate and identify spp from chicken and chicken litter and personnel at chicken farm and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the isolates.

Assessment of Hygienic Practices in Beef Cattle Slaughterhouses and Retail Shops in Bishoftu, Ethiopia: Implications for Public Health.

Understanding the potential drivers of microbial meat contamination along the entire meat supply chain is needed to identify targets for interventions to reduce the number of meatborne bacterial outbreaks. We assessed the hygienic practices in cattle slaughterhouses (28 employees) and retail shops (127 employees) through face-to-face interviews and direct personal observations. At the slaughterhouses, stunning, de-hiding and evisceration in vertical position, carcass washing and separate storage of offal were the identified good practices.

Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Molecular Characterization of in Cattle, Beef, and Diarrheic Patients in Bishoftu, Ethiopia.

Within Ethiopia, there is a lack of information on the genetic relatedness of from cattle, beef, and diarrheic patients and its potential transmission from cattle to humans through consumption of contaminated beef. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and determine the serotypes, genetic relatedness, and antimicrobial resistance of in cattle in two local slaughterhouses, in beef at retail shops, and in diarrheic patients in the only hospital in Bishoftu, Ethiopia. was detected in 2.

Antimicrobial Resistance of Major Bacterial Pathogens from Dairy Cows with High Somatic Cell Count and Clinical Mastitis.

Mastitis is the most prevalent and economically important disease caused by different etiological agents, which leads to increased somatic cell count (SCC) and low milk quality. Treating mastitis cases with antimicrobials is essential to reduce SCC and improve milk quality. Non-prudent use of antimicrobials in dairy farms increased the development of antimicrobial resistant bacteria.

Infection in Dogs and Humans in Bishoftu Town, Ethiopia.

Dogs are reservoirs of many zoonotic diseases. In Ethiopia, the majority of owned dogs are semi-stray, freely roaming in the community. Studies reporting dog borne zoonotic diseases are scarce in Ethiopia.

Occurrence, Molecular Characteristics, and Antimicrobial Resistance of O157 in Cattle, Beef, and Humans in Bishoftu Town, Central Ethiopia.

O157 is a Shiga toxin-producing causing disease in humans. Cattle are the primary reservoir of the pathogen. Information regarding the contribution of cattle to diarrheal illnesses in humans through consumption of contaminated beef is scarce in Ethiopia.

Bovine cysticercosis and human taeniasis in a rural community in Ethiopia.

Background: Bovine cysticercosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease that affects cattle caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Taenia saginata, the adult parasite that causes taeniasis in humans. Although bovine cysticercosis, and the associated human taeniasis, is controlled in developed countries, it is one of the neglected tropical diseases. Like other parts of Ethiopia, raw or undercooked beef consumption is common in the rural community of Yem district with no meat inspection services.

Distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of coagulase-negative staphylococci from cattle, equipment, and personnel on dairy farm and abattoir settings.

Background: Safe food is central to social wellbeing. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are a threat to food safety because they may harbor multiple enterotoxins and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. CNS bacteria are an emerging nosocomial pathogen in public health.

Genetic diversity and virulence characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from cases of bovine mastitis.

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major bacterial mastitis pathogens with significant effects on animal and human health. Some studies showed that S. aureus strains that infect different host species are genetically distinct, although most strains can infect a wide range of host species.

Comparison of surface protein extraction methods and immunogenicity.

is the major contagious bovine mastitis pathogen and has no effective vaccine. Strain variation and limited knowledge of common immunogenic antigen/s are among major constraints for developing effective vaccines. cell surface proteins that are exposed to the host immune system constitute good vaccine candidates.

Corrigendum: Prevalence and Serotype Diversity of in Apparently Healthy Cattle: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Published Studies, 2000-2017.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.

Prevalence and Serotype Diversity of in Apparently Healthy Cattle: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Published Studies, 2000-2017.

Salmonellosis is a leading cause of foodborne illnesses in humans with cattle being one of the reservoirs for . We estimated a pooled prevalence of in apparently healthy cattle and examined serotype diversity through systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published between 2000 and 2017. Peer reviewed publications reporting the prevalence of in cattle were searched through five electronic databases (PubMed, Google scholar, Agricola, Scopus, CAB direct) and through manual search.

Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of Peste des petits ruminants virus circulating in small ruminants in eastern Amhara region, Ethiopia.

Background: Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is a severe, highly infectious and fatal viral disease of small ruminants. Four lineages of PPR virus have been identified globally based on sequence analysis of the nucleoprotein (N) and fusion (F) gene. The aim of this study was to isolate and genetically characterize recently circulating PPR virus in small ruminants in the eastern Amhara region in Ethiopia.

Systematic review and meta-analysis on the global distribution, host range, and prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi.

Background: Surra is an animal trypanosomosis, caused by infection with Trypanosoma evansi and leading to severe economic loss due to mortality and morbidity. Compared to tsetse-transmitted animal trypanosomoses, little attention is given to the epidemiology and control of surra. Understanding its epidemiology is a first step in local and global efforts to control the disease.

Seroprevalence and participatory epidemiology of camelpox in Afar region of Ethiopia.

Camelpox is endemic in most camel rearing regions of the world, causing significant economic losses. However, its epidemiology is not extensively investigated. We conducted a cross sectional seroprevalence study of camelpox in Amibara and Awash Fentale districts in Afar region of Ethiopia from November 2014 to May 2015.

Analysis of milk-derived isolates of E. coli indicating drug resistance in central Ethiopia.

Mastitis is one of the most important diseases in dairy cows throughout the world and is responsible for significant economic losses to the dairy industry. This study was performed to characterize the genetic basis of drug resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from cases of clinical and sub-clinical bovine mastitis. A total of 224 California mastitis test (CMT)-positive milk samples were collected from December 2015 to April 2016 to characterize the phenotypic and genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance in E.

Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Dairy Cows and Genetic Diversity of Resistant Isolates.

Staphylococcus aureus is a frequent and major contagious mastitis bacterial pathogen. The antibiotic treatment cure rates vary considerably from 4% to 92%. Staphylococcus aureus readily becomes resistant to antibiotics, resulting in persistent noncurable intramammary infection that usually results in culling of infected animals.

Molecular determination of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from raw meat in Addis Ababa and Bishoftu, Ethiopia.

Background: Consumption of meat contaminated by E. coli causes a serious illness and even death to affected individuals. Recently the emerging of antibiotic resistant foodborne E.

Determination of the sources and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella isolated from the poultry industry in Southern Ethiopia.

Background: Ethiopia set an ambitious masterplan to increase chicken meat and egg production from 2015 to 2020. Poultry breeding, multiplication and distribution centers in the country have received executive order to import, amplify and distribute commercial chickens to end users. The biosecurity and the pathogen fauna of the centers have not been evaluated as to whether the centers could implement the mission effectively without any risk.

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Staphylococcus in dairy farms, abattoir and humans in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Staphylococcus species cause mastitis and wound infection in livestock and food poisoning in humans through ingestion of contaminated foods, including meat and dairy products. They are evolving pathogens in that they readily acquire drug resistance, and multiple drug-resistant (MDR) isolates are increasing in human and veterinary healthcare. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of Staphylococci and their drug resistance in dairy farms and abattoir settings of Addis Ababa.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of trypanosome prevalence in tsetse flies.

Background: The optimisation of trypanosomosis control programs warrants a good knowledge of the main vector of animal and human trypanosomes in sub-Saharan Africa, the tsetse fly. An important aspect of the tsetse fly population is its trypanosome infection prevalence, as it determines the intensity of the transmission of the parasite by the vector. We therefore conducted a systematic review of published studies documenting trypanosome infection prevalence from field surveys or from laboratory experiments under controlled conditions.