Persistent microbial infections and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis - an insight into pathogenesis.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is characterized by chronic inflammation and scarring of the lungs, of which idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most devastating pathologic form. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis pathogenesis leads to loss of lung function and eventual death in 50% of patients, making it the leading cause of ILD-associated mortality worldwide. Persistent and subclinical microbial infections are implicated in the acute exacerbation of chronic lung diseases.

Parent Teaching Using the Enhanced Moved by Reading to Accelerate Comprehension in English Intelligent Tutoring System to Teach Question-Asking During Shared Book Reading in Latino Families.

Purpose: The Parent-Enhanced Moved by Reading to Accelerate Comprehension in English (Parent EMBRACE) program offers a bilingual parent-training literacy intervention for Latino families. Within the context of shared book reading, the application leverages both the home language and technology to increase parent question-asking during shared reading. Research goals were to (a) examine the potential of the Parent EMBRACE tutoring system at teaching parents to increase the quantity and variety of their question-asking during shared book reading, (b) examine changes to parents' reading attitudes or motivation, and (c) examine whether children's reading attitude is correlated with parent interactions.

Molecular characteristics of atopic dermatitis patients with clinical remission.

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a frequent disease in infants with diverse clinical evolution. Although multiple studies have assessed inflammatory changes in chronic AD, little is known about the molecular transition from symptomatic stage to clinical remission without pharmacotherapy.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate clinical and inflammatory factors and its relationship with AD clinical evolution.

Deciduous Teeth Hypomineralisation and Perinatal Risk Factors.

Hypomineralisation defects with demarcated opacities are also observed in the deciduous dentition and have been found to be a predictive factor for hypomineralisation defects in the permanent dentition. Deciduous molar hypomineralisation (DMH) represents a qualitative enamel defect primarily afflicting deciduous second molars, albeit its presence is not limited solely to deciduous second molars, as it can manifest in deciduous canines and first molars. Thus, the presence of demarcated hypomineralisation defects in deciduous teeth could be called as deciduous teeth hypomineralisation.

Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation Patient Assessment: Comprehensive Oral, Clinical Records and Behavior Evaluation.

Comprehensively evaluating molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) involves the integration of anamnesis and clinical data to diagnose, create a care plan, and predict prognoses. Anamnesis reveals relationships between defects and time, patient expectations, and impacts on the quality of life. Clinical studies emphasize posteruptive breakdown in yellow-brown opacities, highlighting the importance of identifying risk factors.

Armed conflict effects in intimate partner violence: Revealing pathways using the socioecological framework.

We explored women's narratives about their experiences as victim-survivors of multiple forms of armed conflict violence and intimate partner violence (IPV) in Colombia and examined pathways that clarify the relationships between these two types of violence. Thematic analysis of 47 interviews identified connections that explain how armed conflict influences IPV at all levels of the socio-ecology. At the societal level, armed conflict events amplified patriarchal notions and intensified men's expressions of hypermasculinity through violence.

COVID-19 vs. non-COVID-19 related nosocomial pneumonias: any differences in etiology, prevalence, and mortality?

Purpose Of Review: This review explores the similarities and differences between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related and non-COVID-related nosocomial pneumonia, particularly hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). It critically assesses the etiology, prevalence, and mortality among hospitalized patients, emphasizing the burden of these infections during the period before and after the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic.

Recent Findings: Recent studies highlight an increase in nosocomial infections during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a significant rise in cases involving severe bacterial and fungal superinfections among mechanically ventilated patients.

Acceptance of Behavior Guidance Techniques in Pediatric Dentistry Between American and Colombian Parents.

To compare the degree of acceptance of behavior guidance techniques (BGT) in pediatric dentistry between American and Colombian parents. American parents (n=150) and Colombian parents (n=150) of children between three and 12 years of age undergoing pediatric dental treatment participated in this multicenter cross-sectional study. Parents viewed a video depicting 10 BGTs approved by the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry and rated their acceptance on a visual analog scale.

Learning to Listen: Changes in Children's Brain Activity Following a Listening Comprehension Intervention.

"Are you LISTENING?" may be one of the most frequent questions preschoolers hear from their parents and teachers, but can children be taught to listen carefully-and thus better comprehend language-and if so, what changes occur in their brains? Twenty-seven four- and five-year-old children were taught a language simulation strategy to use while listening to stories: first, they practiced moving graphics on an iPad to correspond to the story actions, and then they practiced imagining the movements. Compared to a control condition, children in the intervention answered comprehension questions more accurately when imagining moving the graphics and on a measure of transfer using a new story without any instruction and with only immovable graphics. Importantly, for children in the intervention, the change in comprehension from the first to the sixth day was strongly correlated with changes in EEG mu and alpha desynchronization, suggesting changes in motor and visual processing following the intervention.

Postinfectious Pulmonary Complications: Establishing Research Priorities to Advance the Field: An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report.

Continued improvements in the treatment of pulmonary infections have paradoxically resulted in a growing challenge of individuals with postinfectious pulmonary complications (PIPCs). PIPCs have been long recognized after tuberculosis, but recent experiences such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic have underscored the importance of PIPCs following other lower respiratory tract infections. Independent of the causative pathogen, most available studies of pulmonary infections focus on short-term outcomes rather than long-term morbidity among survivors.

SCCM issued recommendations for corticosteroid use in acutely ill adults with sepsis, ARDS, or CAP.

Chaudhuri D, Nei AM, Rochwerg B, et al. Crit Care Med. 2024;52:e219-e233.

Five-Year Outcomes among U.S. Bronchiectasis and NTM Research Registry Patients.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are prevalent among patients with bronchiectasis. However, the long-term natural history of patients with NTM and bronchiectasis is not well described. To assess the impact of NTM on 5-year clinical outcomes and mortality in patients with bronchiectasis.

A Multicentric Observational Study to Determine Myocardial Injury in Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia (sCAP).

Severe community-acquired pneumonia (sCAP) is the most frequent admission for acute respiratory failure in intensive care medicine. Observational studies have found a correlation between patients who were admitted with CAP and the development of cardiovascular events. The risk of acute myocardial damage in patients with CAP is particularly high within the first 30 days of hospitalization.

Association of obesity on the outcome of critically ill patients affected by COVID-19.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of obesity on ICU mortality.

Design: Observational, retrospective, multicentre study.

Setting: Intensive Care Unit (ICU).