Explicit solutions of the Bass and susceptible-infected models on hypernetworks.

We analyze the Bass model and the susceptible-infected model on hypernetworks with three-body interactions. We derive the master equations for general hypernetworks and use them to obtain explicit expressions for the expected adoption-infection level on infinite complete hypernetworks, infinite Erdős-Rényi hypernetworks, and on infinite hyperlines. These expressions are exact, as they are derived without making any approximation.

Dynamical system model of gentrification: Exploring a simple rent control strategy.

Motivated by the need to understand the factors driving gentrification, we introduce and analyze two simple dynamical systems that model the interplay between three potential drivers of the phenomenon. The constructed systems are based on the assumption that three canonical drivers exist: a subpopulation that increases the desirability of a neighborhood, the desirability of a neighborhood, and the average price of real estate in a neighborhood. The second model modifies the first and implements a simple rent control scheme.

Effectiveness and safety of cannabis-based products for medical use in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome: A systematic review.

Background: There is a need to explore pharmacological options for syndrome (FMS), such as medical cannabis. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize and analyze the available information about the effectiveness/efficacy and safety of cannabis-based products for medical use (CBPMs) and cannabis-based medicines (CBMs), in patients with FMS.

Methods: Interventional or observational studies, systematic reviews and meta-analysis regarding the effectiveness/efficacy and safety of CBPMs and CBMs in patients with FMS were retrieved from the PubMed/Medline database until April 2024.

Urofacial (Ochoa) syndrome with a founder pathogenic variant in the HPSE2 gene: a case report and mutation origin.

Urofacial syndrome or Ochoa syndrome (UFS or UFOS) is a rare disease characterized by inverted facial expression and bladder dysfunction that was described for the first time in Colombia. It is an autosomal recessive pathology with mutations in the HPSE2 and LRIG2 genes. However, 16% of patients do not have any mutations associated with the syndrome.

Genetic and radiological aspects of pediatric renal cystic disease: A case series.

Renal cystic diseases are common conditions whose etiology can be highly heterogeneous. They require a correct approach for adequate diagnosis and management. We aimed to illustrate part of the spectrum of renal cystic diseases through some clinical cases managed in our service.

Importance of Testing for ROS1 Rearrangements in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in the Era of Targeted Therapy in a Latin American Country.

Purpose: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. However, with the optimization of screening strategies and advances in treatment, mortality has been decreasing in recent years. In this study, we describe non-small cell lung cancer patients diagnosed between 2021 and 2022 at a high-complexity hospital in Latin America, as well as the immunohistochemistry techniques used to screen for rearrangements, in the context of the recent approval of crizotinib for the treatment of rearrangements in non-small cell lung cancer in Colombia.

Identification and Application of Emerging Biomarkers in Treatment of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Systematic Review.

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comprises approximately 85% of all lung cancer cases, often diagnosed at advanced stages, which diminishes the effective treatment options and survival rates. This systematic review assesses the utility of emerging biomarkers-circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), and the blood tumor mutational burden (bTMB)-enhanced by next-generation sequencing (NGS) to improve the diagnostic accuracy, prognostic evaluation, and treatment strategies in NSCLC. Analyzing data from 37 studies involving 10,332 patients from 2020 to 2024, the review highlights how biomarkers like ctDNA and PD-L1 expression critically inform the selection of personalized therapies, particularly beneficial in the advanced stages of NSCLC.

Exploring fine-scale urban landscapes using satellite data to predict the distribution of Aedes mosquito breeding sites.

Background: The spread of mosquito-transmitted diseases such as dengue is a major public health issue worldwide. The Aedes aegypti mosquito, a primary vector for dengue, thrives in urban environments and breeds mainly in artificial or natural water containers. While the relationship between urban landscapes and potential breeding sites remains poorly understood, such a knowledge could help mitigate the risks associated with these diseases.

Atorvastatin-Associated Eosinophilic Spongiosis: A Case Report and a Relevant Literature Review of Dermatological Manifestations.

Atorvastatin, a widely prescribed 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor), is associated with various adverse effects, including many dermatologic manifestations. We present the case of a 73-year-old man who developed eosinophilic spongiosis shortly after initiating atorvastatin therapy, an adverse effect which to our knowledge has not yet been reported in association with atorvastatin. Our investigation explores the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of eosinophilic spongiosis induced by atorvastatin, delving into potential mechanisms behind statin-induced eosinophilia.

Spatial and life history variation in a trait-based species vulnerability and impact model.

Anthropogenic pressures threaten biodiversity, necessitating conservation actions founded on robust ecological models. However, prevailing models inadequately capture the spatiotemporal variation in environmental pressures faced by species with high mobility or complex life histories, as data are often aggregated across species' life histories or spatial distributions. We highlight the limitations of static models for dynamic species and incorporate life history variation and spatial distributions for species and stressors into a trait-based vulnerability and impact model.

A Case of Vaping-Associated Candida and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Co-infection Causing Esophagitis in an Immunocompetent Patient.

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and vaping have gained popularity in the last two to five years as an alternative way of consuming nicotine, as well as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), particularly in the younger population. Vaping/e-cigarettes heat nicotine/THC and other chemical components to create the vapor to be inhaled, which increases the risk of mucosal infection and esophagitis. Although tobacco smoking has been extensively studied and known to affect the oral cavity and esophagus, the effect of vaping is yet to be well-studied.

An artificial intelligence-generated model predicts 90-day survival in alcohol-associated hepatitis: A global cohort study.

Background And Aims: Alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) poses significant short-term mortality. Existing prognostic models lack precision for 90-day mortality. Utilizing artificial intelligence in a global cohort, we sought to derive and validate an enhanced prognostic model.

Probabilistic measures for biological adaptation and resilience.

This paper introduces an approach to quantifying ecological resilience in biological systems, particularly focusing on noisy systems responding to episodic disturbances with sudden adaptations. Incorporating concepts from nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, we propose a measure termed "ecological resilience through adaptation," specifically tailored to noisy, forced systems that undergo physiological adaptation in the face of stressful environmental changes. Randomness plays a key role, accounting for model uncertainty and the inherent variability in the dynamical response among components of biological systems.

Prevalence and clinical characteristics of patients with rheumatoid arthritis with interstitial lung disease using unstructured healthcare data and machine learning.

Objectives: Real-world data regarding rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its association with interstitial lung disease (ILD) is still scarce. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of RA and ILD in patients with RA (RAILD) in Spain, and to compare clinical characteristics of patients with RA with and without ILD using natural language processing (NLP) on electronic health records (EHR).

Methods: Observational case-control, retrospective and multicentre study based on the secondary use of unstructured clinical data from patients with adult RA and RAILD from nine hospitals between 2014 and 2019.

"Learning to learn" in the Extended Inverted Classroom: An evaluation of the effects of interactive teaching on knowledge and cognitive regulation in medical students.

Introduction: The evidence regarding the effects of the Inverted Classroom on students' metacognitive skills is limited. This study evaluates these effects on student perceptions about knowledge and cognitive regulation during a surgical course.

Methods: We measured student perceptions before and after a conventional Inverted Classroom in surgery using the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory.

Adaptation of sea turtles to climate warming: Will phenological responses be sufficient to counteract changes in reproductive output?

Sea turtles are vulnerable to climate change since their reproductive output is influenced by incubating temperatures, with warmer temperatures causing lower hatching success and increased feminization of embryos. Their ability to cope with projected increases in ambient temperatures will depend on their capacity to adapt to shifts in climatic regimes. Here, we assessed the extent to which phenological shifts could mitigate impacts from increases in ambient temperatures (from 1.

Detecting disturbances in network-coupled dynamical systems with machine learning.

Identifying disturbances in network-coupled dynamical systems without knowledge of the disturbances or underlying dynamics is a problem with a wide range of applications. For example, one might want to know which nodes in the network are being disturbed and identify the type of disturbance. Here, we present a model-free method based on machine learning to identify such unknown disturbances based only on prior observations of the system when forced by a known training function.

Latin America and the Caribbean Code Against Cancer 1st edition: Formative research on the comprehension and persuasiveness of the recommendations by the general population.

Background: Cancer prevention is the most efficient and cost-effective strategy in cancer control. One prevention strategy is giving credible, clear, and evidence-based recommendations to the individual; however, it is key that these messages are accepted and understood properly by the public. This study aimed to pilot the draft recommendations developed as part of the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) Code Against Cancer 1st edition, in terms of comprehension and persuasion of each message.

Opinion disparity in hypergraphs with community structure.

The division of a social group into subgroups with opposing opinions, which we refer to as opinion disparity, is a prevalent phenomenon in society. This phenomenon has been modeled by including mechanisms such as opinion homophily, bounded confidence interactions, and social reinforcement mechanisms. In this paper, we study a complementary mechanism for the formation of opinion disparity based on higher-order interactions, i.

Association of Strict Versus Lenient Cholesterol Lowering with Cardiac Outcomes, Diabetes Progression and Complications, and Mortality in Patients with Diabetes Treated with Statins: Is Less More?

Introduction: Whereas some guidelines recommend statin use to achieve low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goal < 70 mg/dL for primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in patients at higher risk, others recommend against a target LDL-C level. Achieving a target level < 70 mg/dL commonly requires the use of high intensity statins, which has been associated with higher risk of diabetes progression. The objective of this study is to assess the association of strict (≤ 70 mg/dL) versus lenient (> 70 to100 mg/dL) LDL-C lowering on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), diabetes progression, diabetes microvascular complications, and total mortality in patients with diabetes.

Performance and applications of lightweight geopolymer and alkali activated composites with incorporation of ceramic, polymeric and lignocellulosic wastes as aggregates: A review.

As the construction industry moves towards greater sustainability, the application of more durable and environmentally friendly materials, capable of providing comfort in buildings and infrastructure, is a key element to consider. In this context, the use of alkali-activated binders (AAB) and geopolymers (GP), which have a lower carbon footprint than ordinary Portland cement (OPC), has emerged as an important alternative. Moreover, the addition of waste-based lightweight aggregates (LWA) to AAB and GP matrices produces lightweight composites that offer enhanced mechanical performance and improved comfort as building materials, while offering an alternative use to the increasing number of waste materials from diverse sources.