"Smoker" and "Vaper" identity in people who use both cigarettes and E-cigarettes: Changes over time and associations with smoking behaviors.

Background: Individuals who use both cigarettes and e-cigarettes may have multiple nicotine product use self-identities, each of which may be associated with patterns of use, including cessation.

Objectives: This study examined changes in "smoker" and "vaper" identities and product use behaviors over one year among adults who used both cigarettes and e-cigarettes. We hypothesized that stronger baseline vaping identities would be associated with higher odds of smoking cessation, and stronger baseline smoking identities would be associated with continued cigarette use.

Disentangling the rhythms of human activity in the built environment for airborne transmission risk: An analysis of large-scale mobility data.

Background: Since the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic, substantial public attention has focused on the role of seasonality in impacting transmission. Misconceptions have relied on seasonal mediation of respiratory diseases driven solely by environmental variables. However, seasonality is expected to be driven by host social behavior, particularly in highly susceptible populations.

The global landscape of smallpox vaccination history and implications for current and future orthopoxvirus susceptibility: a modelling study.

Background: More than four decades after the eradication of smallpox, the ongoing 2022 monkeypox outbreak and increasing transmission events of other orthopoxviruses necessitate a greater understanding of the global distribution of susceptibility to orthopoxviruses. We aimed to characterise the current global landscape of smallpox vaccination history and orthopoxvirus susceptibility.

Methods: We characterised the global landscape of smallpox vaccination at a subnational scale by integrating data on current demography with historical smallpox vaccination programme features (coverage and cessation dates) from eradication documents and published literature.

Preferred flavors and tobacco use patterns in adult dual users of cigarettes and ENDS.

Objectives: This study examined how adult dual users of cigarettes and electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) flavor preference varied by demographics, tobacco history, motives, and expectancies for ENDS, and how ENDS flavor preference was associated with changes in cigarette and ENDS use over 12 months.

Methods: Data come from the baseline and 12-month waves of an observational study of adult dual cigarette and ENDS users (N = 406). Flavor preferences were grouped into 4 categories: tobacco (12.

Nicotine Dependence in Dual Users of Cigarettes and E-Cigarettes: Common and Distinct Elements.

Introduction: In a sample of dual users of cigarettes and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS; e-cigarettes), we evaluated psychometric properties of ENDS versions of the Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS), the brief Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM), and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Using the NDSS, we tested the hypothesis that there would be one common underlying factor of dependence across the cigarette and ENDS scales and other product-specific factors.

Aims And Methods: Adult dual users (N = 404) completed baseline cigarette and ENDS versions of the NDSS, WISDM, and FTND, and biweekly surveys of their smoking and vaping.

Scalp metastases mimicking alopecia areata. First case report of placental site trophoblastic tumor presenting as cutaneous metastasis.

Background: Placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) is a rare neoplasm of intermediate trophoblastic cells of the placenta. There is a wide range of biologic behavior, with metastases occurring in about 15% of cases. Cases with metastases have all presented with abnormal vaginal bleeding or gynecological symptoms.

Localized crusted scabies of the scalp and feet.

An atypical case of crusted scabies in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is presented in which lesions at the time of evaluation were confined to the scalp and feet. Because of the unusual presentation, the scalp involvement (which clinically mimicked seborrheic dermatitis) was initially missed. Although both the crusted variant of scabies and scabietic involvement of the scalp are well documented to occur in immunocompromised patients, to our knowledge scabies confined to the scalp and feet has not been previously reported.

Brain anomalies, retardation of mentality and growth, ectodermal dysplasia, skeletal malformations, Hirschsprung disease, ear deformity and deafness, eye hypoplasia, cleft palate, cryptorchidism, and kidney dysplasia/hypoplasia (BRESEK/BRESHECK): new X-linked syndrome?

Two half brothers (maternally related) had a similar syndrome of microhydrocephaly in both brothers and dilatation of the spinal canal with fusion of thalami in one brother. Primordial growth delay was noted in both brothers, with severe mental retardation in the surviving brother. Both had ectodermal dysplasia with scaling, hyperkeratosis, and generalized alopecia, but normal sweat and sebaceous glands.

Histopathology and immunofluorescence of discoid lupus erythematosus in children.

The histopathology and immunofluorescence of discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) are well documented in adults, but in children they have not been studied systematically. We reviewed nine skin biopsy specimens from six children with DLE. Only three specimens showed the well-developed epidermal changes seen in lesions of adults with DLE, and in the other six, these changes were either mild or absent.

Cytokine expression in human cutaneous chronic graft-versus-host disease.

Although chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a frequent complication of bone marrow transplantation (BMT), the pathogenesis remains unclear. We examined the potential role of cytokines in mediating chronic GVHD. Skin samples from seven patients with cutaneous chronic GVHD, six post-BMT controls and six normal controls were evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Th1-associated cytokines IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), Th2-associated cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10, and fibrosis-associated cytokines platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta).

The efficacy of various degreasing agents used in trichloroacetic acid peels.

Background: Adequate preparation of the skin is necessary for a successful chemical peel. Little detailed attention has been given to the effect of degreasing on the efficacy of the peel.

Objective: To assess the influence of degreasers on the peel, compare their flammabilities, and discuss alternatives.

Rapid cytokeratin stains enhance the sensitivity of Mohs micrographic surgery for squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Recurrence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) following Mohs micrographic surgery is uncommon. However, such cases do exist, presumably because of incomplete excision. Identification of single cells or small clumps of SCC tumor may be extremely difficult and can be compromised by inflammatory reaction.

A comparison of wound healing after epithelial resection by ultrasonic surgical aspiration and ablation by the carbon dioxide laser.

The ultrasonic surgical aspirator (USA) offers unique surgical options in the treatment of vulvar intraepithelial diseases. Clinical observations have shown results that equal those achieved with the use of the carbon dioxide laser with regard to patient satisfaction and incidence of recurrent disease. The purpose of this study was to compare the USA to the carbon dioxide laser in the laboratory with respect to ease of use, adequacy of epithelial removal, amount of tissue damage, and timing of wound healing.

Interleukin 2 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor induce a perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate in a skin explant model.

Cutaneous eruptions displaying perivascular inflammatory cell infiltrates histologically may develop with the intravenous administration of cytokines. Similar findings are seen spontaneously in some patients on recovery of peripheral blood lymphocytes after profound marrow aplasia. To investigate the production of a cutaneous perivascular infiltrate further, the ability of several cytokines to induce a perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate was studied in vitro using a skin explant model.

Quantitative assessment of scanning electron microscope defects in uncombable-hair syndrome.

Uncombable-hair syndrome is a rare disorder of scalp hair that starts early in childhood. It is characterized clinically as unruly hair and by scanning electron microscopy as longitudinally grooved hairs with a triangular cross section. Because of the controversy of inheritance and prior reports of similar changes in normal and other hair disorders, we performed a quantitative scanning electron microscopic assessment of four patients with uncombable-hair syndrome, first-degree relatives, and nonaffected controls.

Rheumatologic manifestations of malignancy.

The relationship between rheumatologic syndromes and cancer covers a very broad array of both common and distinctly rare manifestations. This discussion has outlined some of the known relationships that do exist. A high index of suspicion by both the primary care physician and subspecialist will enhance the probability of detecting cancer in the patient who may present with rheumatologic complaints.

Growing up in foster care.

A survey of a small sample of adults who grew up in long-term foster care under the supervision of an agency that provided supportive counseling shows that the experience of "impermanence" did not impair their abilities to lead independent, outwardly satisfactory lives but left them at risk of an impaired self-image from the deeply felt stigma of foster care, a difficulty in establishing emotional intimacy, and an unresolved sense of loss.