A review of antibody, aptamer, and nanomaterials synergistic systems for an amplified electrochemical signal.

The synergy between biomolecules with inorganic nanomaterials and nanoparticles has been investigated over the past years, primarily to improve biomarker reception, generate signals, and amplify the signals generated. In this paper, several articles on aptamer-based and antibody-based electrochemical biosensors that target antigens were examined. Among the key characteristics identified were the electrochemical platform development, which includes the usage of nanomaterials as electroactive or electrocatalytic labels, crosslinking of the biological agent with inorganic compounds, and electrode coating to provide an electronic source and support efficient electron transfer.

Assessment of environmental impact and energy performance of rice husk utilization in various biohydrogen production pathways.

This work aimed to compare the environmental impact and energy performance of rice husk utilization for biohydrogen production via different pathways using parameters and processes applicable in Southeast Asian countries. Six scenarios were developed by combining each selected biohydrogen production process - electrolysis, gasification and dark fermentation, with different energy production technology. The emission values and energy demand varies depending on the scenarios studied, highlighting the effect of different efficiencies of each biohydrogen production technology.

Barium recovery by crystallization in a fluidized-bed reactor: effects of pH, Ba/P molar ratio and seed.

The effects of process conditions, including upward velocity inside the column, the amount of added seed and seed size, the pH value of the precipitant or the phosphate stream and the Ba/P molar ratio in a fluidized-bed reactor (FBR) were studied with a view to producing BaHPO₄ crystals of significant size and maximize the removal of barium. XRD were used to identify the products that were collected from the FBR. Experimental results show that an upward velocity of 48 cmmin(-1) produced the largest BaHPO₄ crystals with a size of around 0.