Longitudinal associations between fruit and vegetable intakes and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults from four international twin cohorts.

Beneficial associations between higher fruit and vegetable intakes and risk of depression appear to exist but few studies have focused on adults aged 45 + years and the potential that associations are due to residual confounding has not been tested. This longitudinal study of twins (n = 3483, age 45-90 years) from Australia, Denmark, Sweden and USA, assessed the associations between baseline fruit/vegetable intake and depressive symptoms over 5-11 years using linear mixed effects models. Intakes from food frequency questionnaires were trichotomized.

Does Mild Functional Impairment Predict Dementia in Older Adults With Normal Cognition?

Objectives: Functional impairment can be an early indicator of cognitive decline. However, its predictive utility in cognitively normal (CN) older adults remains unclear. This study aimed to determine whether mild functional impairment (MFI) in CN older adults could predict incident dementia over 6 years, in addition to assessing its association with cognitive performance.

Cohort profile: understanding health service system needs for people with intellectual disability using linked data in New South Wales, Australia.

This cohort profile describes one of the largest linked datasets in the world concerning the health of people with intellectual disability. The cohort comprises a retrospective group of 100,089 individuals with intellectual disability who received disability and/or health services in New South Wales, Australia. Of these participants, 34% were female, with a median age at cohort entry of 3 years (interquartile range, 0-19).

Transdiagnostic biomarkers of mental illness across the lifespan: A systematic review examining the genetic and neural correlates of latent transdiagnostic dimensions of psychopathology in the general population.

This systematic review synthesizes evidence from research investigating the biological correlates of latent transdiagnostic dimensions of psychopathology (e.g., the p-factor, internalizing, externalizing) across the lifespan.

The combination of olfactory dysfunction and depression increases the risk of incident dementia in older adults.

Objectives: Olfactory dysfunction and depression are common in later life, and both have been presented as risk factors for dementia. Our purpose was to investigate the associations between these two risk factors and determine if they had an additive effect on dementia risk.

Design: Olfactory function was assessed using the Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT), and depression was classified using a combination of the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) score and current antidepressant use.

Risk factors for dementia and self-harm: A linkage study.

Introduction: People living with dementia experience poor mental health and high rates of self-harm. We investigated risk factors for self-harm in people aged > 40 years living with dementia and risk factors for dementia after self-harm.

Methods: Using linked hospital data from New South Wales, Australia, we defined a dementia cohort (n = 154,811) and a self-harm cohort (n = 28,972).

The aging mind: A complex challenge for research and practice.

Cognitive decline as part of mental ageing is typically assessed with standardized tests; below-average performance in such tests is used as an indicator for pathological cognitive aging. In addition, morphological and functional changes in the brain are used as parameters for age-related pathological decline in cognitive abilities. However, there is no simple link between the trajectories of changes in cognition and morphological or functional changes in the brain.

Factors associated with discharge from hospital to residential aged care for younger people with neuropsychiatric disorders: an exploratory case-control study in New South Wales, Australia.

Objectives: To examine the sociodemographic and diagnostic factors associated with a discharge from hospital to residential aged care (RAC) for younger people (aged 15-64 years) with neuropsychiatric disorders.

Design: An exploratory case-control study using a historic cohort of people with neuropsychiatric disorders. Cases were people transferred to RAC on hospital discharge during the study period.

Investigating the molecular genetic, genomic, brain structural, and brain functional correlates of latent transdiagnostic dimensions of psychopathology across the lifespan: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the general population.

Background: Research using latent variable modelling has identified a superordinate general dimension of psychopathology, as well as several specific/lower-order transdiagnostic dimensions (e.g., internalising and externalising) within the meta-structure of psychiatric symptoms.

Factors associated with acute care service use after epilepsy hospitalisation in people with intellectual disability.

Background: This study aimed to identify factors associated with unplanned acute hospital readmission and emergency department (ED) presentation after hospitalisation for epilepsy in people with intellectual disability (ID).

Methods: This study is a retrospective cohort study using linked administrative datasets. We identified 3293 people with ID aged 5-64 years with a hospitalisation for epilepsy between 2005 and 2014 in New South Wales, Australia.

Instrumental Activities of Daily Living by Subjective and Objective Measures: The Impact of Depression and Personality.

Objective: Previous research shows that depression and personality are independently associated with self- and informant-reports of the ability to perform instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). However, less is known about the association between depression and personality and performance-based measures of IADLs. We aimed to determine how depression and personality predict self-and informant-reports of IADL compared to performance-based measures of IADLs in a sample of older adults with normal cognition (NC) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).

Mortality rate, risk factors, and causes of death in people with epilepsy and intellectual disability.

Purpose: The extent to which co-occurring intellectual disability influences mortality in people with epilepsy is largely unknown. This study compares mortality rates in people with epilepsy with and without intellectual disability and investigates causes of death and risk factors for mortality.

Method: This retrospective cohort study used linked population-based administrative datasets to derive a cohort of people with epilepsy admitted to hospital from 2005-2015 in New South Wales, Australia.

Hospital service utilisation of people previously hospitalised with different subtypes of psychotic disorder: A record linkage study.

Objective: Little research has examined the physical and mental comorbidities, and health service use patterns, of people diagnosed with psychotic disorder subtypes other than schizophrenia spectrum disorders. This study aims to examine the physical and mental comorbidities, and subsequent hospital service use patterns, of individuals previously hospitalised with various psychotic disorder subtypes using linked health service data.

Methods: We included individuals hospitalised with a psychotic disorder in New South Wales, Australia, between 1 July 2002 and 31 December 2014 (N = 63,110).

Readmission and emergency department presentation after hospitalisation for epilepsy in people with intellectual disability: A data linkage study.

Background: Despite the high prevalence of epilepsy and multiple barriers to care in people with intellectual disability, the risk of returning to hospital after an admission for epilepsy is largely unknown. In this study, we sought to quantify and compare readmission and emergency department (ED) presentations after hospitalisation for epilepsy in people with and without intellectual disability.

Methods And Findings: Using linked administrative datasets, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of people aged 5-64 years with an acute hospitalisation for epilepsy from 2005-2014 in New South Wales, Australia.

Lifespace metrics of older adults with mild cognitive impairment and dementia recorded via geolocation data.

Objective: Lifespace, the physical area in which someone conducts life activities, indicates lived community mobility. This study explored the feasibility of technology-based lifespace measurement for older people with dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), including the generation of a range of lifespace metrics, and investigation of relationships with health and mobility status.

Methods: An exploratory study was conducted within a longitudinal observational study.

Performance-Based vs Informant-Reported Instrumental Activities of Daily Living in Predicting Dementia.

Objectives: Identifying individuals at risk of developing dementia may be aided by early detection of functional impairments. The aims of the present study were to examine differences in informant-reported and performance-based measures of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and to assess whether a performance-based IADL measure contributes additional unique variance over informant reports in predicting incident dementia over 4 years.

Design: Prospective cohort study (Sydney Memory and Ageing Study).

Reviewing causes of death of individuals with intellectual disability in New South Wales, Australia: a record-linkage study.

Background: People with intellectual disability (ID) have a much higher mortality rate than the general population. To reduce the rate of mortality of people with ID, it is critical that causes of death are properly understood, recorded and reported. Formal reviews of causes of death are used in some countries to ensure that causes of death are accurate.

Prevalence and incidence of physical health conditions in people with intellectual disability - a systematic review.

Objective: To synthesize evidence on the prevalence and incidence of physical health conditions in people with intellectual disability (ID).

Methods: We searched Medline, PsycInfo, and Embase for eligible studies and extracted the prevalence, incidence, and risk of physical health conditions in people with ID.

Results: Of 131 eligible studies, we synthesized results from 77 moderate- to high-quality studies, which was mainly limited to high-income countries.