IRF4 Knockdown Inhibits the Chronic Rhinosinusitis Without Nasal Polyps Development by Regulating NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD-Mediated Pyroptosis.

Chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) is a CRS phenotype. However, the mechanisms of CRSsNP remains unclear. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained from the GSE36830 and GSE198950 datasets through the GEO2R tool.

Apolipoprotein A-I inhibited group II innate lymphoid cell response mediated by microRNA-155 in allergic rhinitis.

Background: Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have been found to take part in type 2 inflammation by secreting T2 cytokines. Apolipoprotein A-I (Apo-AI), a major structural and functional protein of high-density lipoproteins, has anti-inflammatory effects on neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils. However, its effects on ILC2s are not well characterized.

Interleukin-37b Suppressed ILC2s in Children with Allergic Rhinitis.

Background: Interleukin-37b is a fundamental inhibitor of innate and acquired immunity. Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) can secret type 2 cytokines and regulate allergic rhinitis (AR). However, the role of IL-37b in ILC2s in children with AR was not clear.

Screening strategy and time points for newborn hearing re-screening with high risk factors.

Objective: To compare and analyze the pass rate and screening strategy of hearing rescreening for newborns with high risk factors.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of high-risk newborns who failed their initial newborn hearing screen and subsequently underwent secondary hearing tests from June 2011 to June 2018 in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center were performed.

Results: Eight hundred and sixty-eight newborns with high risk factors were included in the study.

[Surgical treatment of variant preauricular fistula complicated with posterior auricular abscess in children].

To summarize the clinical experience in treating children with variant preauricular fistula who present with posterior auricular abscess, and to improve the diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic outcome. The clinical data of 11 children with preauricular fistula with retroauricular abscess as the main clinical manifestation were analyzed retrospectively. Among them, 10 patients underwent surgical treatment after infection control, and 1 patient underwent preauricular fistula resection during infection period.

Genetic Variations in Nucleotide Excision Repair Pathway Genes and Risk of Allergic Rhinitis.

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the most frequent inflammatory disorder in the nasal mucosa that remains unclear etiology. Mounting studies suggested that genetic instability could trigger and worsen the inflammatory response. The nucleotide excision repair (NER) system is an important pathway in maintaining the stability of the genome.

Association between the genetic variants of base excision repair pathway genes and allergic rhinitis susceptibility in Chinese children.

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a frequent inflammatory disorder of the upper respiratory tract, which has complex patterns of inheritance. Accumulating evidence has shown the key roles of DNA damage in inflammatory diseases, and the base excision repair (BER) is the primary pathway responsible for DNA repair during inflammation.

Methods: Here, we performed a case-control study to investigate the associations between 20 potentially functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 6 BER pathway genes (, , , , , and ) and AR susceptibility in 508 AR cases and 526 controls which originated in China.

[Nonsurgical correction of cryptotia in children older than early neonates].

To study the clinical application of nonsurgical correction of cryptotia in children older than 6 months. The children with cryptotia deformity treated in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center from January 2017 to January 2021 were divided into two groups according to their ages. The study group was over 6 months old and the control group was under 6 months old.

The Effect of IL-35 on the Expression of Nasal Epithelial-Derived Proinflammatory Cytokines.

Background: Airway epithelium plays an important role during the development of allergic rhinitis (AR), which is characterized by production of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin 33 (IL-33), and interleukin 25 (IL-25). IL-35, mainly expressed by Treg cells, have negative regulation in Th2, Th17, and ILC2 inflammation. However, the effect of IL-35 on human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) especially the secretion of nasal epithelial-derived proinflammatory cytokines as well as the possible mechanism is still unclear.

[Evaluation of application of nasal nitric oxide on specific allergen immunotherapy in children with allergic rhinitis].

To evaluate the short-term efficacy of nasal nitric oxide（nNO） on specific allergen subcutaneous immunotherapy in children with allergic rhinitis. The data of 87 children with allergic rhinitis treated in the otolaryngology clinic of Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center from January 2018 to January 2019（case group） and 80 healthy children who received physical examination in the hospital during the same time period（control group） were retrospectively analyzed. The case group was treated with specific allergen subcutaneous immunotherapy.

Efficacy of Sublingual Immunotherapy in Allergic Rhinitis Children during Coronavirus Disease 2019.

Background: Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) had good effectiveness for children with allergic rhinitis (AR). However, no studies explored the effect of persistent allergen exposure on SLIT treatment. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) restricts outdoor activities of children significantly.

An efficient cell culture system for the studies of heterogeneous astrocytes: Time gradient digestion.

Background: Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cell type in mammal brain, but there exists a lot of unknown in cell development and cell function. We aim to establish an astrocytes culture system for obtaining highly enriched primary astrocytes from the neonatal mouse brain and separating Aldh1l1Gfap and Aldh1l1Gfap cells.

New Method: C57BL/J6 mouse pups at postnatal 1-4 days were used for cell preparation.

The Inhibition of Group II Innate Lymphoid Cell Response by IL-27 in Allergic Rhinitis.

Objectives: Interleukin-27 (IL-27) has been reported to inhibit type 2 T helper cell (Th2) response in allergic rhinitis (AR). However, its effects on group II innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) in AR are not fully understood.

Methods: Nineteen patients with AR and nineteen controls were enrolled in this study.

[Application of radiofrequency coblation under microscope in infantile epiglottic cyst].

To explore the application of microscope combined with radiofrequency coblation in the treatment of infantile epiglottic cyst. 17 cases of infantile epiglottic cysts were treated with radiofrequency coblation under supporting laryngoscope and microscope. All 17 patients were successfully resected the epiglottic cysts, without complications during and after surgery.

[Nonsurgical correction of congenital auricular deformities in children older than early neonates].

To report the nonsurgical correction of congenital auricular deformities in children older than 3 months, analysis the effect and the recurrence and the influencing factors. Patients with auricular deformities who came to our department from July 2017 to August 2019 were collected. EarWell correction was performed for non-invasive correction.

Risk Factors for Safety of Allergen-Specific Sublingual Immunotherapy in Children with Allergic Rhinitis.

A good compliance often attributes to good efficacy and safety of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). However, few studies have been conducted on the safety of SLIT treatment in children. We aimed to confirm the pretreatment parameters to predict the safety in children who underwent SLIT.

Compliance, efficacy, and safety of subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapy in children with allergic rhinitis.

Background: Although previous studies had confirmed the effectiveness and safety of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), respectively, direct head-to-head comparison of SCIT vs SLIT is sparse. We aimed to compare the efficacy, safety, and compliance of SCIT and SLIT in allergic rhinitis (AR) children.

Methods: This study is a prospective, open-label, and single-center study performed between June 2017 and June 2018.

MicroRNA-375-mediated regulation of ILC2 cells through TSLP in allergic rhinitis.

Background: Studies have shown that the number and function of type II innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) in peripheral blood of allergic rhinitis (AR) children increased significantly. This study aims to evaluate the role of miR-375 in the regulation of the differentiation and function of ILC2 through both and studies.

Methods: The expression of miR-375, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and the frequency of ILC2 were detected and compared between AR children and controls by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometry, respectively.

[Myringotomy or tympanostomy tube insertion, comparison of surgical treatment of adenoid hypertrophy and otitis media with effusion in children].

The study aimed to observe the difference in postoperative complications and recurrence rates of adenoidectomy plus myringotomy or adenoidectomy plus tympanostomy with tube insertion for children with adenoid hypertrophy combined with otitis media with effusion. Children 4 to 12 years old with otitis media with effusion combined with adenoid hypertrophy were assigned to receive either adenoidectomy plus myringotomy（group A） or adenoidectomy plus tympanostomy tube insertion（group B）. Pre-and post-operative data was recorded.

Inhibited interleukin 35 expression and interleukin 35-induced regulatory T cells promote type II innate lymphoid cell response in allergic rhinitis.

Background: Interleukin (IL)-35 and IL-35-producing regulatory T cells (iTr35) have been reported to inhibit T2 response in allergic rhinitis (AR). However, its effects on type II innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are not well characterized.

Objective: To investigate the effect of IL-35 on ILC2 in AR.

Predictors for Short-Term Efficacy of Allergen-Specific Sublingual Immunotherapy in Children with Allergic Rhinitis.

Background: A good compliance in allergen-specific sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) often comes from good short-term efficacy. We aimed to evaluate the pretreatment parameters which can predict the short-term clinical efficacy in children that underwent SLIT.

Methods: 517 children with allergic rhinitis (AR) that underwent SLIT were recruited in this study.

Leptin Regulated ILC2 Cell through the PI3K/AKT Pathway in Allergic Rhinitis.

Background: Recent studies suggest that leptin is involved in Th2 response in allergic rhinitis (AR). However, the effect of leptin on type II innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in AR is not well characterized.

Methods: Twenty-six AR patients and 20 healthy controls were enrolled.

MicroRNA-181a and microRNA-155 are involved in the regulation of the differentiation and function of regulatory T cells in allergic rhinitis children.

Background: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play central roles in limiting airway allergic inflammation and preventing inappropriate Th2 responses to environmental allergens. This study aims to evaluate the role of miR-181a and miR-155 in the regulation of the differentiation and function of Tregs through both in vivo and in vitro studies.

Methods: The CD4 T cells and Tregs were purified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in allergic rhinitis (AR) children, respectively.

Decreased Treg-derived miR-181a and miR-155 correlated with reduced number and function of Treg cells in allergic rhinitis children.

Background: Regulatory cells (Tregs) have been proved to be deeply involved in allergic airway inflammation. This study aims to evaluate the expression of miRNA in children with AR and their association with Tregs as well as the severity of AR.

Methods: Twenty-five AR children and 20 healthy children were enrolled in this study.