Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of electronic monitors to improve adherence and health outcomes in patients with tuberculosis: a systematic review.

Tuberculosis remains a public health concern, and electronic monitors show promise in improving treatment adherence and health outcomes among patients with tuberculosis. This Review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the implementation barriers and facilitators of electronic monitors for patients with tuberculosis, by use of an implementation science framework. A literature search was done across Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Global Health databases from their inception to April 25, 2024.

Modulators of Alpha-2 Macroglobulin Upregulation by High Glucose in Glomerular Mesangial Cells.

Up to 40% of patients with diabetes mellitus will develop diabetic kidney disease (DKD), characterized pathologically by the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, which leads to the loss of kidney function over time. Our previous studies showed that the pan-protease inhibitor alpha 2-macroglobulin (A2M) is increased in DKD and is a critical regulator of the fibrotic response in glomerular mesangial cells (MC), an initial site of injury during DKD development. How A2M is regulated by high glucose (HG) has not yet been elucidated and is the focus of this investigation.

Hydrated Magnesium Ion-Uracil and Magnesium Chloride-Uracil Clusters Revealed by Ab Initio Study.

The study focuses on the interaction between canonical uracil and its rare tautomers with Mg and MgCl in the microcosmic water environment and aims to elucidate how ions interact with nucleobase and the cation-anion correlation effect involved using density functional theory calculations. The structures of the Ura-Mg(HO) and Ura-MgCl(HO) clusters are characterized and show that the water molecules preferentially interact with Mg/MgCl, and Mg adopts a hexacoordination pattern in both Ura-Mg(HO) and Ura-MgCl(HO) clusters. When uracil interacts with Mg in (HO) environments, it tends to favor the formation of keto-enol structures.

Regulation of chondrocyte apoptosis in osteoarthritis by endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Osteoarthritis (OA), a common degenerative joint disease, is characterized by the apoptosis of chondrocytes as a primary pathophysiological change, with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) playing a crucial role. It has been demonstrated that an imbalance in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis can lead to ERS, activating three cellular adaptive response pathways through the unfolded protein response to restore ER homeostasis. Mild ERS exerts a protective effect on cells, while prolonged ERS that disrupts the self-regulatory balance of the ER activates apoptotic signaling pathways, leading to chondrocyte apoptosis and hastening OA progression.

Barriers and facilitators of implementing electronic monitors to improve adherence and health outcomes in tuberculosis patients: protocol for a systematic review based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) has been regarded as 'a relentless scourge', increasing morbidity and mortality and burdening vulnerable populations. Poor adherence to TB treatment and ineffective traditional interventions hinders TB control. A novel TB approach called 'electronic monitors', equipping medication boxes with daily audio or visual reminders for electronically monitoring medication intake, seems promising in improving adherence and health outcomes and overcoming the weaknesses of traditional interventions.

Causality-Based Visual Analysis of Questionnaire Responses.

As the final stage of questionnaire analysis, causal reasoning is the key to turning responses into valuable insights and actionable items for decision-makers. During the questionnaire analysis, classical statistical methods (e.g.

Interaction of glycine with Li in the (HO) (n = 0-8) clusters.

Context: We investigated the interaction between glycine and Li in water environment based on the Gly·Li(HO) (n = 0-8) cluster. Our study shows that for Gly·Li, Li binds to both carbonyl oxygen and amino nitrogen to form a bidentate structure, and the first three water molecules preferentially interact with Li. For n = 0-5, the complexes of Gly·Li(HO) exist in neutral form, and when the water number reached 6, the complex can coexist in neutral and zwitterionic form, then zwitterionic structures are dominant for n = 7, 8.

Cell surface GRP78 regulates TGFβ1-mediated profibrotic responses TSP1 in diabetic kidney disease.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of kidney failure in North America, characterized by glomerular accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. High glucose (HG) induction of glomerular mesangial cell (MC) profibrotic responses plays a central role in its pathogenesis. We previously showed that the endoplasmic reticulum resident GRP78 translocates to the cell surface in response to HG, where it mediates Akt activation and downstream profibrotic responses in MC.

A therapeutic target for CKD: activin A facilitates TGFβ1 profibrotic signaling.

Background: TGFβ1 is a major profibrotic mediator in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Its direct inhibition, however, is limited by adverse effects. Inhibition of activins, also members of the TGFβ superfamily, blocks TGFβ1 profibrotic effects, but the mechanism underlying this and the specific activin(s) involved are unknown.

Integrin β1/Cell Surface GRP78 Complex Regulates TGFβ1 and Its Profibrotic Effects in Response to High Glucose.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide. Characterized by overproduction and accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, glomerular sclerosis is its earliest manifestation. High glucose (HG) plays a central role by increasing matrix production by glomerular mesangial cells (MC).

Interaction of Cysteine with Li and LiF in the Presence of (HO) ( = 0-6) Clusters.

The interaction between cysteine with Li and LiF in the microcosmic water environment was investigated to elucidate how ions interact with amino acids and the cation-anion correlation effect involved. The structures of Cys·Li(HO) and Cys·LiF(HO) ( = 0-6) were characterized using ab initio calculations. Our studies show that the water preferentially interacts with Li/LiF.

The Impact of COVID-19 Epidemic on Tuberculosis Reports Among Students - Guizhou Province, China, 2020.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: In 2020, the implementation of non-medical interventions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has created a negative impact on tuberculosis (TB) control. It is unclear if the prevalence of TB among students in Guizhou Province was also affected.

What Is Added By This Report?: Among TB cases, the proportion of student TB patients was 19.

Ab initio study of hydrated cesium iodide dimer (CsI)(HO and the cation size effect on (MI)(HO) (M = Li, Na, K, Cs).

The structures of microsolvated (CsI)(HO) clusters were determined using ab initio calculations. Our studies show that one Cs atom at the apex was firstly separated from the pyramid-shaped (CsI) unit when the water number reaches 3, whereas CsI distances did not increase significantly from n = 0 to 6 for neutrals. Additionally, the atomic charge and reduced density gradient analyses were carried out; the results reveal that the extra electrons are almost entirely localized on terminal Cs atom and the Cs-water interactions dominate in (CsI)(HO).

Practical Experiences of Delivering Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Comprehensive Supportive Care Services in China.

The World Health Organization consolidated guidelines on recommend care for tuberculosis (TB) and support for multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) patients. But guidelines have not provided detailed guidance or tools for health services providers to implement comprehensive patient care. China CDC and the United States Agency for International Development-funded Control and Prevention of MDR-TB program introduced a differentiated and personalized comprehensive and supportive care services (CSC) to improve treatment adherence.

Epidemiological Characteristics of Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis in Students - China, 2015-2019.

The number of students with tuberculosis (TB) has been increasing since 2015. However, the prevalence of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) among student population is unclear. The number of students with RR-TB has significantly increased from 2015 to 2019, especially in the western region of China.

Activated Alpha 2-Macroglobulin Is a Novel Mediator of Mesangial Cell Profibrotic Signaling in Diabetic Kidney Disease.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is caused by the overproduction of extracellular matrix proteins (ECM) by glomerular mesangial cells (MCs). We previously showed that high glucose (HG) induces cell surface translocation of GRP78 (csGRP78), mediating PI3K/Akt activation and downstream ECM production. Activated alpha 2-macroglobulin (α2M*) is a ligand known to initiate this signaling cascade.

Impact of the gate-keeping policies of China's primary healthcare model on the future burden of tuberculosis in China: a protocol for a mathematical modelling study.

Introduction: In the past three decades, China has made great strides in the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis (TB). However, the TB burden remains high. In 2019, China accounted for 8.

Characteristics of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis detection in China, 2015-2019.

Background: The very high burden of rifampicin resistance tuberculosis (RR-TB) and the very low detection of RR-TB cases are a major challenge that China has been facing. This study analyzed the characteristics of RR-TB detection in China after the change of RR-TB detection strategy since 2015, aiming to provide reference and evidence for the development of more precise national drug resistance tuberculosis prevention and control policy.

Methods: We extracted data related to rifampicin resistance screening from the national Tuberculosis Information Management System (TBIMS) from 2015 to 2019, and used descriptive research methods to analyze the screening rate of presumptive RR-TB, the number and duration of RR-TB patients detected and drug resistance testing methods in each year.

Activin A and Cell-Surface GRP78 Are Novel Targetable RhoA Activators for Diabetic Kidney Disease.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of kidney failure. RhoA/Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) signaling is a recognized mediator of its pathogenesis, largely through mediating the profibrotic response. While RhoA activation is not feasible due to the central role it plays in normal physiology, ROCK inhibition has been found to be effective in attenuating DKD in preclinical models.

The epidemiologic impact and cost-effectiveness of new tuberculosis vaccines on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in India and China.

Background: Despite recent advances through the development pipeline, how novel tuberculosis (TB) vaccines might affect rifampicin-resistant and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (RR/MDR-TB) is unknown. We investigated the epidemiologic impact, cost-effectiveness, and budget impact of hypothetical novel prophylactic prevention of disease TB vaccines on RR/MDR-TB in China and India.

Methods: We constructed a deterministic, compartmental, age-, drug-resistance- and treatment history-stratified dynamic transmission model of tuberculosis.

miR299a-5p promotes renal fibrosis by suppressing the antifibrotic actions of follistatin.

Caveolin-1 (cav-1), an integral protein of the membrane microdomains caveolae, is required for synthesis of matrix proteins by glomerular mesangial cells (MC). Previously, we demonstrated that the antifibrotic protein follistatin (FST) is transcriptionally upregulated in cav-1 knockout MC and that its administration is protective against renal fibrosis. Here, we screened cav-1 wild-type and knockout MC for FST-targeting microRNAs in order to identity novel antifibrotic therapeutic targets.

PlotThread: Creating Expressive Storyline Visualizations using Reinforcement Learning.

Storyline visualizations are an effective means to present the evolution of plots and reveal the scenic interactions among characters. However, the design of storyline visualizations is a difficult task as users need to balance between aesthetic goals and narrative constraints. Despite that the optimization-based methods have been improved significantly in terms of producing aesthetic and legible layouts, the existing (semi-) automatic methods are still limited regarding 1) efficient exploration of the storyline design space and 2) flexible customization of storyline layouts.

Photoelectron spectroscopy of [MoX] dianions (X = Cl-I).

Photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical investigations have been performed to systematically probe the intrinsic electronic properties of [MoX] (X = halogen). All three PE spectra of gaseous [MoX] (X = Cl, Br, I) dianions, which were generated by electrospray ionization, exhibit multiple resolved peaks in the recorded binding energy range. Theoretical investigations on the orbital structure and charge distribution were performed to support interpretation of the observed spectra and were further extended onto [MoF], a dianion that was not available for the experimental study.