Affirming Neurodiversity within Applied Behavior Analysis.

Criticisms of applied behavior analysis (ABA) from the autistic community continue to intensify and have an appreciable impact on research, practice, and conversation in stakeholder groups. ABA providers aspire to increase quality of life for autistic people; thus, it is imperative for providers to listen with humility and openness to the population we serve. Autistic individuals have unparalleled expertise in their own lives and their own communities.

Qualitative endline results of the tipping point project to prevent child, early and forced marriage in Nepal.

Currently, Nepal is not on track to meet Sustainable Development Goal 5.3 - the elimination of harmful practices, including child, early and forced marriage by the year 2030. Evidence on what works to prevent child, early and forced marriage often is inattentive to contextual factors that influence intervention effectiveness.

Protection from infection and reinfection due to the Omicron BA.1 variant in care homes.

Introduction: Following the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in 2020, care homes were disproportionately impacted by high mortality and morbidity of vulnerable elderly residents. Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and improved infection control measures together with vaccination campaigns have since improved outcomes of infection. We studied the utility of past infection status, recent vaccination and anti-S antibody titres as possible correlates of protection against a newly emergent Omicron variant infection.

Paediatric acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology: a national investigation and adenoviraemia case-control study in the UK.

Background: An increase in acute severe hepatitis of unknown aetiology in previously healthy children in the UK in March, 2022, triggered global case-finding. We aimed to describe UK epidemiological investigations of cases and their possible causes.

Methods: We actively surveilled unexplained paediatric acute hepatitis (transaminase >500 international units per litre) in children younger than 16 years presenting since Jan 1, 2022, through notifications from paediatricians, microbiologists, and paediatric liver units; we collected demographic, clinical, and exposure information.

Burn Casualty Care in the Deployed Setting.

Management of wartime burn casualties can be very challenging. Burns frequently occur in the setting of other blunt and penetrating injuries. This clinical practice guideline provides a manual for burn injury assessment, resuscitation, wound care, and specific scenarios including chemical and electrical injuries in the deployed or austere setting.

Foot clearance and variability in mono- and multifocal intraocular lens users during stair navigation.

Intraocular lenses (IOLs) provide distance and near refraction and are becoming the standard for cataract surgery. Multifocal glasses increase variability of toe clearance in older adults navigating stairs and increase fall risk; however, little is known about the biomechanics of stair navigation in individuals with multifocal IOLs. This study compared clearance while ascending and descending stairs in individuals with monofocal versus multifocal IOLs.

Improving Surgical Complications and Patient Safety at the Nation's Largest Military Hospital: An Analysis of National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Data.

Introduction: The U.S. Military Health System cares for over 9 million patients and encompasses 63 hospitals and 413 clinics worldwide.

Postdischarge Cause-of-Death Analysis of Combat-Related Burn Patients.

Combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan have resulted in up to 8.8% of combat-related casualties suffering burns. From World War I through Desert Storm, burns have been associated with approximately 4% of the combat-related deaths.

Inability to determine tissue health is main indication of allograft use in intermediate extent burns.

Introduction: Cutaneous allograft is commonly used in the early coverage of excised burns when autograft is unavailable. However, allograft is also applied in intermediate-extent burns (25-50%), during cases in which it is possible to autograft. In this population, there is a paucity of data on the indications for allograft use.

Elevations in inflammatory cytokines are associated with poor outcomes in mechanically ventilated burn patients.

Background: The treatment of burn patients who undergo mechanical ventilation is complicated by many factors; patient outcomes and mortality could potentially be improved with predictive biomarkers. Severe burn provokes a systemic inflammatory response characterized by the release of a host of cytokines. Recent studies evaluated the prognostic value of temporal changes in cytokine levels in several patient populations, but few have compared differences in the cytokine profiles of survivors and nonsurvivors following severe burn.

Operative utilization following severe combat-related burns.

The goal of burn surgical therapy is to minimize mortality and to return survivors to their preinjury state. Prompt removal of the burn eschar, early durable coverage, and late corrections of functional deformities are the basic surgical principles. The operative burden, while presumed to be substantial and significant, is neither well described nor quantified.

Are visceral proteins valid markers for nutritional status in the burn intensive care unit?

The aim of this study was to determine whether visceral protein levels increase under positive nitrogen balance during times of decrease in acute-phase reactant levels in patients with burn injury. This was a post hoc analysis of a prospective, interventional study approved by the local institutional review board. A total of 10 subjects between the ages of 18 and 72 with ≥ 20% total body surface area burn were enrolled over a 14-month period.

Mucormycosis attributed mortality: a seven-year review of surgical and medical management.

Introduction: Historically, mucormycosis infections have been associated with high mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence, associated mortality, and management strategies of mucormycosis in a major burn center.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed via obtaining all patients with mucormycosis admitted from January 2003 to November 2009 at our adult burn center was performed obtaining demographic data relevant to fungal burn wound infection or colonization.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome in wartime military burns: application of the Berlin criteria.

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) prevalence and related outcomes in burned military casualties from Iraq and Afghanistan have not been described previously. The objective of this article was to report ARDS prevalence and its associated in-hospital mortality in military burn patients.

Methods: Demographic and physiologic data were collected retrospectively on mechanically ventilated military casualties admitted to our burn intensive care unit from January 2003 to December 2011.

Silver-coated nylon dressing plus active DC microcurrent for healing of autogenous skin donor sites.

Introduction: Burn wounds are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, and improved outcomes are demonstrated with early closure of both primary burn wounds and skin donor sites. Thus, technology that decreases the healing time of burns and donor sites would be potentially lifesaving. We present the results of a single-center, prospective, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of silver-coated dressing with active microcurrent in comparison to silver-coated dressing with sham microcurrent on wound-closure time for autogenous skin donor sites.

Evaluation of an oxygen-diffusion dressing for accelerated healing of donor-site wounds.

Accelerating the healing process and reducing pain during healing are beneficial for the following reasons: faster return to work, lower risk of wound infection, improved quality of life, and possibly reduced need for analgesia. This clinical study assessed the effectiveness of a new oxygen-diffusion dressing (OxyBand; Oxyband Technologies, St. Louis, MO) compared with standard Xeroform gauze dressings (Convidien, Mansfield, MA), in the care of skin-graft donor sites in burn patients.

Citation classics in the burn literature during the past 55 years.

The objective of this study was to identify the 100 most cited, peer-reviewed burn-related articles over the past half century. Burn care presents ongoing challenges to both U.S.

Complications of male circumcision treated at a military hospital in Afghanistan.

Circumcision of male infants and children is a common ritual in Afghanistan. As in many other developing countries, there are few safeguards relating to the procedure, particularly in rural areas. Performance of ritual circumcision may result in complications requiring treatment beyond the capabilities of the practitioner performing the initial procedure.

Anaphylactoid reaction during first hemofiltration with a PUREMA polysulfone membrane.

Adverse reactions during hemodialysis are extremely common and include a wide range of clinical presentations from mild to life threatening. We present a case of a 34 year old woman in the Burn Intensive Care Unit, who developed acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy. She was placed on continuous veno-venous hemofiltration with the NxStage machine which uses a synthetic PUREMA polyethersulfone filter sterilized by gamma radiation.

Dysnatremias and survival in adult burn patients: a retrospective analysis.

Background/aims: Dysnatremias have been evaluated in many populations and have been found to be significantly associated with mortality. However, this relationship has not been well described in the burn population.

Methods: Admissions to the burn center at our institution from January 2003 to December 2008 were examined.