Body composition as a biomarker for assessing future lung cancer risk.

Purpose: To investigate if body composition is a biomarker for assessing the risk of developing lung cancer.

Materials And Methods: Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) scans from the Pittsburgh Lung Screening Study (PLuSS) (n=3,635, 22 follow-up years) and NLST-ACRIN (n=16,435, 8 follow-up years) cohorts were used in the study. Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms were developed to automatically segment and quantify subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), skeletal muscle (SM), and bone.

The Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen 1 Variant Associated with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Defines the Sequence Criteria for Serologic Risk Prediction.

Purpose: Antibodies to select Epstein-Barr virus proteins can diagnose early-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We have previously shown that IgA against Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) can predict incident NPC in high- and intermediate-risk cohorts 4 years before diagnosis. Here, we tested EBNA1 variants, with mutants, to define the sequence requirements for an NPC risk assay.

Modelling and Optimization of Machined Surface Topography in Ball-End Milling Process.

In order to optimize machined surface topography, this paper presents a novel algorithm for simulating the surface topography and predicting the surface roughness of a ball-end milling process. First, a discrete workpiece model was developed using the Z-map method, and the swept surface of a cutter edge was represented using triangular approximation. The workpiece surface was updated (i.

Low-Carbohydrate Diet Score and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Findings from a Prospective Cohort Study.

Unlabelled: Limited data are reported on the association between low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) score, a comprehensive measure of dietary pattern according to sources of carbohydrate, fat, and protein, and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We evaluated this score with HCC risk in the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a prospective cohort of 63,275 middle-aged and elderly Chinese living in Singapore and recruited during 1993-1998 period. LCD scores were derived from the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire at baseline.

Association between serum uric acid and bone mineral density in males from NHANES 2011-2020.

Currently, the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and bone mineral density (BMD) in men remains controversial. This study aims to investigate the relationship between SUA and lumbar spine BMD in American men using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). A total of 6254 male subjects aged 12-80 years (mean age 35.

Effects of qigong exercise on physical fitness and patient-reported health outcomes in lung cancer survivors.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a three-month Guolin Qigong (GQ) intervention on physical fitness and patient-reported health outcomes among patients with lung cancer.

Methods: This pilot study was a non-randomized controlled trial. Eligible participants who were over 18 years of age and diagnosed with stage I-IV lung cancer were enrolled in the study and received either the GQ intervention or usual care (UC).

Pulmonary circulatory system characteristics are associated with future lung cancer risk.

Background: Most of the subjects eligible for annual low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) lung screening will not develop lung cancer for their life. It is important to identify novel biomarkers that can help identify those at risk of developing lung cancer and improve the efficiency of LDCT screening programs.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the association between the morphology of the pulmonary circulatory system (PCS) and lung cancer development using LDCT scans acquired in the screening setting.

Lung Cancer Risk Prediction Models for Asian Ever-Smokers.

Introduction: Although lung cancer prediction models are widely used to support risk-based screening, their performance outside Western populations remains uncertain. This study aims to evaluate the performance of 11 existing risk prediction models in multiple Asian populations and to refit prediction models for Asians.

Methods: In a pooled analysis of 186,458 Asian ever-smokers from 19 prospective cohorts, we assessed calibration (expected-to-observed ratio) and discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]) for each model.

Association of aflatoxin with gallbladder cancer in a case-control study nested within a Chinese cohort.

We evaluated whether aflatoxin B (AFB ) exposure was associated with later risk of developing gallbladder cancer (GBC). We measured AFB -lysine albumin adducts in baseline samples from the Shanghai Cohort Study of 18 244 men aged 45 to 64 years (recruited 1986-1989). We included 84 GBC cases with sufficient serum and 168 controls matched on age at sample collection, date of blood draw and residence.

The Albumin to Globulin Ratio Performs Well for Diagnosing Periprosthetic Joint Infection: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Background: Accurate diagnosis of the periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains a challenge for surgeons. The purpose of this study was to assess the value of albumin to globulin ratio (AGR) and globulin (GLB) for diagnosing PJI.

Methods: A total of 182 patients undergoing revision after arthroplasty were included and divided into 2 groups, 61 in knee group (PJI: 38; non-PJI: 23) and 121 in hip group (PJI: 26; non-PJI: 95).

The Association Between Serum Riboflavin and Flavin Mononucleotide With Pancreatic Cancer: Findings From a Prospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) has a prime role in metabolic reactions imperative to cell cycle and proliferation. We investigated the associations between serum concentrations of riboflavin flavin mononucleotide with the risk of pancreatic cancer in a nested case-control study involving 58 cases and 104 matched controls.

Methods: The Singapore Chinese Health Study, an ongoing prospective cohort study of 63,257 Chinese Singaporeans.

Associations between Ileal Juice Bile Acids and Colorectal Advanced Adenoma.

Background: There is an urgent need to identify biomarkers for advanced adenoma, an important precursor of colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to determine alterations in ileal juice bile acids associated with colorectal advanced adenoma.

Methods: We quantified a comprehensive panel of primary and secondary bile acids and their conjugates using an ultraperformance liquid chromatography triple-quadrupole mass spectrometric assay in ileal juice collected at colonoscopy from 46 study subjects (i.

Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease without cirrhosis or advanced liver fibrosis.

Background: HCC can develop in the absence of cirrhosis in patients with NAFLD. We aimed to estimate the incidence of HCC in patients with NAFLD with and without cirrhosis or advanced liver fibrosis.

Methods: We performed a cohort study to determine the incidence of HCC in patients with NAFLD identified by the International Classification of Diseases 9/10 codes in the electronic health records of a US health care system between 2004 and 2018.

Lung cancer risk discrimination of prediagnostic proteomics measurements compared with existing prediction tools.

Background: We sought to develop a proteomics-based risk model for lung cancer and evaluate its risk-discriminatory performance in comparison with a smoking-based risk model (PLCOm2012) and a commercially available autoantibody biomarker test.

Methods: We designed a case-control study nested in 6 prospective cohorts, including 624 lung cancer participants who donated blood samples at most 3 years prior to lung cancer diagnosis and 624 smoking-matched cancer free participants who were assayed for 302 proteins. We used 470 case-control pairs from 4 cohorts to select proteins and train a protein-based risk model.

High serum magnesium is associated with lower risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major contributor to the rising incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Magnesium is a major cation in cellular activities. Epidemiological data on magnesium level and its relation to HCC are sparse.

Soluble CD137 and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: nested case-control studies in cohorts in Shanghai and Singapore.

Background: The majority of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases occur in the presence of cirrhosis. Biomarkers of cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction such as CD8+ T cell cytokines could aid HCC risk assessment.

Methods: CD8+ T cell cytokines were determined in pre-diagnostic serum in two studies including 315 HCC case-control pairs in the Shanghai Cohort Study (SCS) and 197 pairs in the Singapore Chinese Health Study (SCHS).

Low-Carbohydrate Diet Score and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer: Findings from the Singapore Chinese Health Study.

Background: Colorectal cancer is common cancer with a high mortality rate. Low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) score holistically evaluates the LCD pattern from carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake. Epidemiologic data of LCD-colorectal cancer association are sparse.

Quantitation by Liquid Chromatography-Nanoelectrospray Ionization-High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry of Multiple DNA Adducts Related to Cigarette Smoking in Oral Cells in the Shanghai Cohort Study.

We developed a liquid chromatography-nanoelectrospray ionization-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-NSI-HRMS/MS) method for simultaneous quantitative analysis of 5 oral cell DNA adducts associated with cigarette smoking: (8/)-3-(2'-deoxyribos-1'-yl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-hydroxypyrimido[1,2-]purine-10(3)-one (γ-OH-Acr-dGuo, ) from acrolein; (6,8 and 6,8)-3-(2'-deoxyribos-1'-yl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimido[1,2-]purine-10(3)-one [(6,8)γ-OH-Cro-dGuo, ; and (6,8)γ-OH-Cro-dGuo, ] from crotonaldehyde; 1,-etheno-dAdo () from acrylonitrile, vinyl chloride, lipid peroxidation, and inflammation; and 8-oxo-dGuo () from oxidative damage. Oral cell DNA was isolated in the presence of glutathione to prevent artifact formation. Clear LC-NSI-HRMS/MS chromatograms were obtained allowing quantitation of each adduct using the appropriately labeled internal standards.

Globulin and Albumin/Globulin Ratios as Potential Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Acute and Chronic Peri-Prosthetic Joint Infections: A Retrospective Study.

Peri-prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is the most serious complication after prosthetic joint replacement. However, the diagnosis of PJI remains challenging for clinicians because of the lack of a gold standard. The purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic significance of serum globulin, albumin/globulin, and other biomarkers in acute and chronic periprosthetic infections.