Prevalence of and factors associated with thiamin deficiency in obese Thai children.

Background And Objectives: Obesity is a state that results from excessive energy consumption, and obese people often have micronutrient deficiencies. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of and factors associated with thiamin deficiency in obese Thai children.

Methods And Study Design: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University during 2014 to 2017.

Reconfirmation of improved tolerance to a new amino acid-based formula by infants with cow's milk protein allergy.

Background And Objectives: Reasons for intolerance to commercial amino acid-based formulas (cAAF) in infants diagnosed with cow's milk protein allergy (CMA) remain unknown. We assume that minute amounts of proteins, presenting in the glucose polymers derived from corn starch (cGPs), can elicit the intolerance to the cAAFs observed in some infants with CMA. By replacing cGPs with glucose polymers derived from rice starch (rGPs), a new amino acid-based (nAAF) formula has been shown to be better tolerated than an existing cAAF.

Improved Tolerance to a New Amino Acid-Based Formula by Infants With Cow's Milk Protein Allergy.

Background: Prevalence and severity of cow's milk protein allergy (CMA) in infants are increasing. A proportion of infants with CMA still elicit signs and symptoms of CMA while ingesting commercial amino acid-based formulas (AAFs). We propose that protein in glucose polymers (GPs) derived from corn starch in the AAFs might be the cause of intolerance to AAF in some infants.

Fat-soluble vitamins and plasma and erythrocyte membrane fatty acids in chylothorax pediatric patients receiving a medium-chain triglyceride-rich diet.

Post-operative chylothorax can be cured by a medium-chain triglyceride (MCT)-rich diet. However, there is concern that an MCT-rich diet results in clinical and biochemical deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins and fatty acids. We compared fat-soluble vitamins status and fatty acids status before and after administration of an MCT-rich diet.

Outcomes of group-based treatment program with parental involvement for the management of childhood and adolescent obesity.

Objective: An uncontrolled study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a group-based program on weight control, metabolic profiles, and obesity-related complications in obese youth.

Methods: The program consisted of an initial in-patient session and five group sessions, one, two, three, six, and nine months into the study, providing participants and their parents with information about the consequences of obesity and lifestyle modifications. The severity of obesity and obesity-related complications were evaluated at baseline and 12 months after the intervention.

Growth of infants with cow's milk allergy fed chicken-based formula.

Background: The recommended formulas for treatments of cow's milk allergy (CMA) in infants are hydrolyzed protein-based and amino acid-based formulas. However they are not always affordable. Furthermore, some patients are still allergic to these formulas.

Chicken-based formula is better tolerated than extensively hydrolyzed casein formula for the management of cow milk protein allergy in infants.

The effective treatment of cow milk allergy in infants consists of elimination of cow milk protein and the introduction of formulas based on an extensively hydrolyzed protein formula or an amino acid-based formula. However, about 10% of these infants are still allergic to an extensively hydrolyzed protein formula and an amino acid-based formula is very expensive. We conducted a study to verify whether the new chicken-based formula will be better tolerated than an extensively hydrolyzed protein formula for the treatment of cow milk allergy in infants.

Successful strategy to improve glucose tolerance in Thai obese youth.

Background: Childhood obesity is an emerging national health problem in Thailand. Our previous study found that one third of obese children and adolescents had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 2.6 percent had already developed type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Whole gastrointestinal transit time is associated with clinical severity and nutritional status of HIV-infected children.

Background: Malnutrition and malabsorption are common consequences in pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The gastrointestinal tract is a major site affected by HIV Rapid gastrointestinal transit time may contribute to malabsorption.

Objective: To determine whether the whole gastrointestinal transit time (WGTT) correlates with disease stages or degrees of malnutrition in HIV-infected children.

Fatty acid composition in breast milk from 4 regions of Thailand.

Background: DHA contents in breast milk varied upon maternal dietary intakes.

Objective: To study DHA contents in breast milk in Thai lactating women from four diferent regions of Thailand.

Material And Method: 20 mL of hind milk from 40 lactating women from Bangkok, Chantaburi, Tak, and Surin were collected and analyzed for fatty acids contents by gas chromatography Dietary intake of lactating women after delivery until the present study was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire.

Comparisons of a chicken-based formula with soy-based formula in infants with cow milk allergy.

Objective: To determine whether chicken-based formula can replace soy-based formula in infants with cow milk allergy.

Subjects And Methods: Thirty-eight infants with cow's milk allergy, aged between 2-24 months of age were randomized to receive either chicken-based formula or soy-based formula for 14 days.

Results: In the group of soy-based formula, 12 out of 18 infants had evidence of intolerance and could not continue with the formula.

Etiology and glycemic control among Thai children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus.

Background: There is little data on etiology and metabolic control in children and adolescents with diabetes in developing countries.

Objective: Determine the etiology of diabetes in Thai youths and to evaluate their glycemic control.

Material And Method: The authors retrospectively reviewed the case records of 157 patients seen at the Department of Pediatrics, Siriraj Hospital between 2003 and 2004.

Fructose malabsorption in Thai adult.

Unlabelled: Fructose malabsorption has not been well-defined in Thai populations but there has been increasing consumption of fructose-fortified drinks.

Objectives: To assess the incidence of fructose malabsorption and intolerance in Thai normal subjects as well as the facilitating effect of glucose on fructose absorption.

Methods: Twenty-five gram of fructose was ingested by 77 subjects (37 men, 40 women; mean age 26 and 31 y, range 20-50 y and 21-50 y for men and women, respectively).

Relative risks of becoming overweight and obese in children after 6 years in secondary school.

The authors carried out a longitudinal study of bodyweights of secondary-school children from Grade VII to Grade XII. Initial data of weight for height at Grade VII showed that the prevalences of overweight boys and girls were 13.6% and 9.

Increasing risks of becoming obese after 6 years in primary school: comparing the relative risks among some schools in Bangkok, Saraburi and Sakolnakorn.

The authors carried out a retrospectively study of bodyweights of primary-school children from Grade I to Grade VI in 4 schools from Bangkok, one school from Saraburi and data of school children from a district in Sakolnakorn with a six year follow-up period. In the cohort there were 437 children from Bangkok, 225 children from Saraburi and 633 children from Sakolnakorn. Initial data show that prevalence of obesity at grade I in schools from Bangkok, Saraburi and Sakolnakorn were 16%, 23% and 4%, respectively.

Management of chylothorax and chylopericardium in pediatric patients: experiences at Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok.

Chylothorax and chylopericardium are rare conditions occurring in infants and children. Both may be traumatic or nontraumatic in origin. We reviewed our experiences with the management of sixteen pediatric cases (10 males, 6 females; 11-days to 14-years old) of chylothorax and chylopericardium from 1997 to 2003.

Lactose intolerance in Thai adults.

Lactose intolerance is common in Thai adults who ingest cow's milk but its incidence has not been clearly defined The authors evaluated 45 volunteers (15 males, 35 females), aged 21-31 yrs old, who drank one 240-ml box of milk daily. A Lactose tolerance test was performed using a breath-hydrogen test (BHT) after oral intake of 25 g of lactose dissolved in 250 ml of water The presence of gastrointestinal symptoms of lactose intolerance, flatulence, abdominal pain and diarrhea, were recorded Twenty-one subjects (47%) were categorized as lactose malabsorbers and intolerant, two subjects (4%) were malabsorbers but tolerant, and 22 of 45 (49%) were absorbers and tolerant. The incidence of lactose malabsorption was, thus, 51%; symptoms of intolerance were found in 21 of the 23 malabsorbers, making the incidence of lactose intolerance 47%.

High plasma branched-chain amino acids:aromatic amino acids ratio in children on the ketogenic diet: a mechanism in controlling epilepsy.

Background: The authors proposed that ketogenic diets will produce an increase in the ratio of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) and aromatic amino acids (BCAAs) in plasma of children who are on the diets.

Subjects And Method: A sample of plasma amino acids sample before initiation of fasting and on day 10 of the dietary treatment was obtained in patients with refractory epilepsy who were newly admitted for initiation of ketogenic diet. Plasma amino acids were determined by high performance liquid chromatography equipment.

Prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in infants by probiotics.

Probiotics administration has been claimed to prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea. The investigators thus conducted a double blind, placebo controlled study of providing probiotics to infants and children with severe bacterial infections and receiving broad spechum antibiotics. The results of the study showed that the group receiving probiotics had fewer diarrheal episodes (37.

Comparison of the nutrient content of fresh fruit juices vs commercial fruit juices.

Objective: To compare the types and quantities of carbohydrate, electrolytes, pH and osmolarity of fresh fruit juices and commercial fruit juices.

Material And Method: Forty kinds of fresh fruits available in Thai markets were analyzed for types and quantities of carbohydrate, electrolyte, pH and osmolarity and compared with previously obtained data for commercial fruit juices.

Results: Most fresh fruit juices did not contain sucrose, whereas, commercial fruit juices mostly have sucrose in the range of 3-112 g/L.

Intensive diabetes education program and multidisciplinary team approach in management of newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus: a greater patient benefit, experience at Siriraj Hospital.

It is accepted worldwide that an effective multidisciplinary management team is essential for providing comprehensive self-management training to type I diabetics and their families. Therefore, the authors developed an intensive multidisciplinary education team that included pediatric endocrinologists, a dietitian, a psychologist, nurses, scientists and volunteers in the Department of Pediatrics, Siriraj Hospital in August 1996. This study aimed to analyze twenty-four newly diagnosed diabetics who underwent this specified program and multidisciplinary team approach in comparison to twenty-eight diabetic patients who were diagnosed before the program and team were established in order to see whether the length of hospitalization had been reduced and to compare the readmission rates of recurrent DKA with previous patients.