Chemical characterization of the crude extract of Sauromatum venosum (voodoo lily) and docking study with 12-O-acetylingol 8-tiglate for cytotoxicity testing in SaOS (osteoblastic osteosarcoma cells).

The current study was carried out to investigate the anticancer potential of Sauromatum venosum (SV) tuber by gas chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) analysis of ethanolic (eSV), hydroalcoholic (hSV), and aqueous extracts (wSV), and in silico study were performed to investigate the main targets of 12-O-acetylingol 8-tiglate by computational docking. The GC-HRMS analysis of three plant samples was carried out on a system equipped with a high-resolution mass spectrometer. The major compounds were identified in all crude extracts.

Computational perspectives revealed prospective vaccine candidates from five structural proteins of novel SARS corona virus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2).

Background: The present pandemic COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2, a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus from the family. Due to a lack of antiviral drugs, vaccines against the virus are urgently required.

Methods: In this study, validated computational approaches were used to identify peptide-based epitopes from six structural proteins having antigenic properties.

A Comprehension into Target Binding and Spatial Fingerprints of Noscapinoid Analogues as Inhibitors of Tubulin.

Background: Owing to its potential to interfere in microtubule dynamics in the mitotic phase of cell cycle and selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells without affecting normal cells, noscapine and its synthetic analogues have been investigated by other research groups in different cell lines for their capability to be used as anti-cancer agents.

Objective: The present study is focused on the investigation of the mode of binding of noscapinoids with tubulin, prediction of target binding affinities and mapping of their spatial fingerprints (shape and electrostatic).

Methods: Molecular docking assisted alignment based 3D-QSAR was used on a dataset (43 molecules) having an inhibitory activity (IC = 1.

Rhizomes: Promising Antidiabetic and Natural Inhibitor of α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase.

Koen., commonly known as ginger lily, is considered an endemic medicinal plant. In the present study, the antidiabetic action of its rhizomes was investigated by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assay, and the active compounds were identified through bioactivity guided isolation technique.

Protective role of hydro-ethanolic leaf extract in cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in Rats.

Nephrotoxicity is a major limiting factor in cisplatin treatment. In the present study hydro-ethanolic leaf extract of was investigated for its protective role in cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity. The experiment was designed for 14 days and male Wistar rats were divided into 9 groups (n = 5).

Antioxidant potentials of successive solvent extracts from the unexplored rhizome.

Koen. is considered as an endemic medicinal plant. In the current research antioxidant potential of six different extracts obtained by the successive solvent extraction method from the unexplored rhizome was evaluated.

Improved biotransformation of arsenic by arsenite oxidase - Chitosan nanoparticle conjugates.

Recent developments in the potential use of nanoparticles as carriers of enzyme have attracted great attention. In the present study, arsenite oxidase (AOase) enzyme capable of transforming the more toxic arsenite [As(III)] to the less toxic arsenate [As(V)] was extracted from an arsenic resistant bacterium (Exiguobacterium sp. As-9) and partially purified.

Simultaneous production of detergent stable keratinolytic protease, amylase and biosurfactant by PF1 using agro industrial waste.

The present study is an attempt to optimize simultaneous production of keratinolytic protease, amylase and biosurfactant from feather meal, potato peel and rape seed cake in a single media by response surface methodology to evaluate their biochemical properties for detergent additive. The optimization was carried out using 20 run, 3 factor and 5-level of central composite design on design expert software which resulted in a 1.2, 0.

Reactive oxygen species: sources, consequences and targeted therapy in type 2 diabetes.

Oxidative stress has been considered as a central mediator in the progression of diabetic complication. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to oxidative stress and it is raised from the mitochondria as well as by activation of five major pathways: increased polyol pathway flux, activation of protein kinase C (PKC) pathway, increased formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), over activity of hexosamine pathway and increased production of angiotensin II. The increased ROS through these pathways leads to β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance, responsible for cell damage and death.

Feather degradation potential of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KB13 and feather protein hydrolysate (FPH) mediated reduction of hexavalent chromium.

An efficient keratinolytic strain of Stenorophomonas maltophilia KB13 was isolated from feather disposal site of Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India. The strain could metabolize 10 g/l chicken feathers as sole source of carbon and nitrogen. Soluble protein, amino acid, and cysteine content were found to be maximum (690.

mediated arsenic removal and its protective effect against arsenic induced toxicity and oxidative damage in freshwater fish, .

Arsenic is a toxic metalloid existing widely in the environment, and its removal from contaminated water has become a global challenge. The use of bacteria in this regard finds a promising solution. In the present study, sp.

Arsenic resistance and accumulation by two bacteria isolated from a natural arsenic contaminated site.

Forty-three indigenous arsenic resistant bacteria were isolated from arsenic rich soil of Rajnandgaon district in the state of Chhattisgarh, India by enrichment culture technique. Among the isolates, two of the bacteria (As-9 and As-14) exhibited high resistance to As(V) [MIC ≥ 700 mM] and As(III) [MIC ≥ 10 mM] and were selected for further studies. Both these bacteria grew well in the presence of arsenic [20 mM As(V) and 5 mM As(III)], but the isolate As-14 strictly required arsenic for its survival and growth and was characterized as a novel arsenic dependent bacterium.

Sexual experience increases oxytocin receptor gene expression and protein in the medial preoptic area of the male rat.

Oxytocin (OT) promotes social and reproductive behaviors in mammals, and OT deficits may be linked to disordered social behaviors like autism and severe anxiety. Male rat sexual behavior is an excellent model for OT regulation of behavior, as its pattern and neural substrates are well characterized. We previously reported that OT microinjected into the medial preoptic area (MPOA), a major integrative site for male sexual behavior, facilitates copulation in sexually experienced male rats, whereas intra-MPOA injection of an OT antagonist (OTA) inhibits copulation.

Amylin-leptin coadministration stimulates central histaminergic signaling in rats.

Combined amylin+leptin (AMN+LEP) can reduce diet induced obesity and is very effective in combating LEP resistance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of AMN+LEP on central histaminergic signaling in lean and obese rats. Male rats were administered LEP (300 μg/kg/d), AMN (100 μg/kg/d), AMN+LEP or vehicle (SAL, 0.

Oxytocin in the medial preoptic area facilitates male sexual behavior in the rat.

Oxytocin (OT) is a versatile neuropeptide that is involved in a variety of mammalian behaviors, and its role in reproductive function and behavior has been well established. The majority of pharmacological studies of the effects of OT on male sexual behavior have focused on the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), ventral tegmental area (VTA), hippocampus, and amygdala. Less attention has been given to the medial preoptic area (MPOA), a major integrative site for male sexual behavior.

Prevention of cisplatin-induced kidney epithelial cell apoptosis with a Cu superoxide dismutase-mimetic [copper2II(3,5-ditertiarybutylsalicylate)4(ethanol)4].

Copper(2)(II)(3,5-ditertiarybutylsalicylate)(4)(ethanol)(4), Cu(2)(II)(3,5-DTBS)(4)(Eth)(4), was synthesized and characterized for evaluation as an anti-apoptotic superoxide dismutase (SOD)-mimetic in an in vitro 50 microM cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), [Pt(II)(NH(3))(2)(Cl)(2)]-treated kidney proximal tubule epithelial cell (LLC-PK) preparation. Synthesized Cu(2)(II)(3,5-DTBS)(4)(Eth)(4) was characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR spectrophotometry, and X-ray crystallography. The IC(50) for SOD-mimetic reactivity of Cu(2)(II)(3,5-DTBS)(4)(Eth)(4), determined with the xanthine/xanthine oxidase/nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) system, was found to be 2.

Fibrate prevents cisplatin-induced proximal tubule cell death.

Background: In previous studies we have shown that cisplatin inhibits peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) activity and consequently fatty acid oxidation, and these events precede proximal tubule cell death. In addition the use of fibrate class of PPAR-alpha ligands ameliorate renal function by preventing both inhibition of fatty acid oxidation and proximal tubule cell death.

Methods: LLC-PK1 cells were treated with cisplatin and apoptosis was established by the presence of nuclear fragmentation and by cell cycle analysis.

Anti-inflammatory effect of fibrate protects from cisplatin-induced ARF.

Recently, we demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) ligand ameliorates cisplatin-induced acute renal failure (ARF) by preventing inhibition of substrate oxidation, and also by preventing apoptosis and necrosis of the proximal tubule (Li S, Bhatt R, Megyesi J, Gokden N, Shah SV, and Portilla D. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 287: F990-F998, 2004). In the following studies, we examined the protective effect of PPARalpha ligand on cisplatin-induced inflammatory responses during ARF.

PPAR-alpha ligand ameliorates acute renal failure by reducing cisplatin-induced increased expression of renal endonuclease G.

Cisplatin injury to the kidney is characterized, in part, by inhibition of substrate oxidation, inflammation, and tubular cell death in the form of apoptosis and necrosis. Recently, we demonstrated that cisplatin-induced inhibition of substrate oxidation can be reversed by the administration of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) ligands, resulting in amelioration of renal function. We therefore hypothesize that by improving fatty acid oxidation in vivo might protect renal function by reducing both apoptosis and necrosis in cisplatin-treated mice.

Sex steroid regulation of microglial cell activation: relevance to multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) occurs more commonly in females than males. However, the mechanisms resulting in gender differences in MS are unknown. Several studies have suggested that sex steroids influence the development and severity of MS.

Dopamine infusion into the third ventricle increases gene expression of hypothalamic vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary prolactin and luteinizing hormone beta subunit in the turkey.

Turkey prolactin (PRL) secretion is controlled by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) neurons residing in the infundibular nuclear complex (INF) of the hypothalamus. The VIPergic activity is modulated by dopamine (DA) via stimulatory D(1) DA receptors. DA (10 nmol/min for 40 min) was infused into the third ventricle of laying turkey hens to study its effect on circulating PRL, hypothalamic VIP and pituitary PRL and LHbeta subunit mRNA levels.