Metabolic changes with intermittent fasting.

Background: The prevalence of obesity is rising globally and effective strategies to treat obesity are needed. Intermittent fasting, a dietary intervention for weight management, has received growing interest from the general public, as well as healthcare professionals, as a form of lifestyle intervention.

Methods: We executed a rapid review using PUBMED database to identify systematic reviews that examined the impact of intermittent fasting on metabolic indices, published between 2011 and 2022.

Obesity Stigma: Causes, Consequences, and Potential Solutions.

Purpose Of Review: This review aims to examine (i) the aetiology of obesity; (ii) how and why a perception of personal responsibility for obesity so dominantly frames this condition and how this mindset leads to stigma; (iii) the consequences of obesity stigma for people living with obesity, and for the public support for interventions to prevent and manage this condition; and (iv) potential strategies to diminish our focus on personal responsibility for the development of obesity, to enable a reduction of obesity stigma, and to move towards effective interventions to prevent and manage obesity within the population.

Recent Findings: We summarise literature which shows that obesity stems from a complex interplay of genetic and environment factors most of which are outside an individual's control. Despite this, evidence of obesity stigmatisation remains abundant throughout areas of media, entertainment, social media and the internet, advertising, news outlets, and the political and public health landscape.

Healthy diets, lifestyle changes and well-being during and after lockdown: longitudinal evidence from the West Midlands.

Background: 'Lockdowns' to control the spread of COVID-19 in the UK affected many aspects of life and may have adversely affected diets. We aimed to examine (1) the effect of lockdowns on fruit and vegetable consumption, as a proxy for healthy diets more generally, and on weight and well-being, (2) whether any subgroup was particularly affected and (3) the barriers and facilitators to a healthy diet in lockdown.

Methods: We conducted a mixed-method longitudinal study, involving an online survey of 1003 adults in the West Midlands, UK, 494 of whom were surveyed at two different points in time.

How distorted food prices discourage a healthy diet.

Public policy making for the prevention of diet-related disease is impeded by a lack of evidence on whether poor diets are a matter of personal responsibility or a choice set narrowed by environmental conditions. An important element of the environment is market imperfections in food retail that distort prices. We use a rich dataset on quantities and prices of food purchases in the United States and a structural model of dietary choices to examine variation in diets across households that have different levels of income and live in different neighborhoods.

A rapid review of the evidence for children's TV and online advertisement restrictions to fight obesity.

The World Health Organisation has urged all governments to address rising rates of obesity by implementing population-based interventions, such as restrictions on the marketing to children of unhealthy food and beverage items. However, the relationship between unhealthy food advertisements and childhood obesity is disputed by industry-sponsored reports, which recommend promoting physical activity and weight loss campaigns rather than policies to limit exposure to advertisements. We aimed to elucidate this debate by providing a narrative review of the evidence on the relationship between unhealthy TV and online food advertisements, short-term food consumption and childhood obesity.

COVID-19 Outcomes in Minority Ethnic Groups: Do Obesity and Metabolic Risk Play a Role?

Purpose Of Review: Globally, minority ethnic groups have been at higher risk of COVID-19 mortality and morbidity than majority populations. This review outlines factors that may interact to create these inequalities and explores the hypothesis that differing levels of cardio-metabolic risk, according to ethnic group, play a role.

Recent Findings: Two UK Biobank studies have reported that the body mass index is more strongly associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 infection and mortality in minority ethnic populations than in White populations.

Accuracy and reproducibility of instrumented knee-drawer tests.

Instrumented devices for knee-drawer tests have become popular in orthopaedics relatively recently. The objective of the present study was to document the effects of several parameters on the accuracy and reproducibility of anterior-posterior (AP) drawer measurements. An instrumented knee-drawer tester for AP laxity evaluations was constructed, based on the differential displacement method, measuring shifts of the tuberosity relative to the patella.

Gentamicin-PMMA beads. Pharmacokinetic and nephrotoxicological study.

Five patients treated with gentamicin-polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) beads were monitored during the treatment of nine to 14 days. Kinetic data of the gentamicin delivery were gathered constantly by multiple samples of blood and urine. The treatment with 48-360 beads caused a gentamicin serum concentration of 0.

Substitution of the anterior cruciate ligament: a long-term histologic and biomechanical study with autogenous pedicled grafts of the iliotibial band in dogs.

This paper reports the experience with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) substitution by standardized pedicled strips of the iliotibial band, fixed to the tibia and femur with a bone-peg fixation technique. Thirty-two young adult (+/- one year old) Labrador dogs were used for the experiments (58 transplant knees and six controls). The posttransplantation period ranged from day zero to three years postoperatively.

Analytical stereophotogrammetric determination of three-dimensional knee-joint geometry.

An analytical stereophotogrammetric method is introduced to measure the three-dimensional geometry of articular surfaces in vitro. Information of this kind is particularly useful for mathematical joint models and anthropological studies. The method requires no specific equipment, such as a stereocomparator, contrarily to other techniques reported (e.

Cranio-vertebral pathology in Down syndrome.

Cranio-vertebral malformations, especially atlanto-axial dislocation, are frequently seen in Down patients. However, symptomatic forms in mongolism are rare. Pyramidal signs have a signal value.

Long-term results in lumbosacral interbody fusion for spondylolisthesis.

Out of a group of 235 patients who underwent a lumbosacral interbody fusion, 24 who were operated on for spondylolisthesis and had a long follow-up period were isolated for careful clinical and radiological evaluation. All patients were examined 1 year after surgery and 10 years or more postoperatively. Bony fusion was achieved within 4 to 6 months in all cases except one.

99mTc-pertechnetate uptake after total knee replacement in rheumatoid arthritis.

In 6 out of 48 non-hinged knee joint replacements in 35 patients, 99mTc04- uptake values were clearly increased compared with a control group. Measurements were performed an average of 3 years (range 9 months - 4 1/2 years) after operation. Four of the six cases showed loosening of the prosthesis at arthrotomy and one showed an infection.

Strontium 87mSr bone scanning for the evaluation of total hip replacement.

In a series of seventeen patients with unilateral osteoarthritis of the hip a scintiscanning follow-up study was made before and after total hip replacement for the assessment of the normal course of the 87mSr-scintiscan. In another series of twenty-eight patients with total hip replacement a photoscan was made as a supplement for the diagnosis of loosening of one or both components of a total hip implant. In most of these cases it proved to be a useful method, especially when clinical and raidological examination was inconclusive.

The Nathalie syndrome. A new hereditary syndrome.

Deafness, cataract, muscular atrophy, skeletal abnormalities, retardation of growth, underdeveloped secondary sexual characteristics, and electrocardiographic abnormalities are the features of a new, probably hereditary syndrome. Case reports are presented.