The impact of mild hypoxia exposure on myokine secretion in human obesity.

Background/objective: Compelling evidence indicates that myokines act in an autocrine, paracrine and endocrine manner to alter metabolic homeostasis. The mechanisms underlying exercise-induced changes in myokine secretion remain to be elucidated. Since exercise acutely decreases oxygen partial pressure (pO) in skeletal muscle (SM), the present study was designed to test the hypothesis that (1) hypoxia exposure impacts myokine secretion in primary human myotubes and (2) exposure to mild hypoxia in vivo alters fasting and postprandial plasma myokine concentrations in humans.

Effects of hypoxic exercise on 24-hour glucose profile and substrate metabolism in overweight and obese men with impaired glucose metabolism.

Hypoxic exercise (HE) may have more pronounced effects on glucose homeostasis than exercise under normoxic conditions (NE), but effects on 24-h glucose profile and substrate utilization remain unclear. We investigated the effects of moderate-intensity HE compared with NE on 24-h glucose profile and substrate metabolism in overweight/obese individuals. Ten overweight/obese men with impaired glucose homeostasis participated in a randomized, single-blind, crossover trial.

The Effects of Mild Intermittent Hypoxia Exposure on the Abdominal Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Proteome in Overweight and Obese Men: A First-in-Human Randomized, Single-Blind, and Cross-Over Study.

Adipose tissue (AT) oxygen tension (pO) has been implicated in AT dysfunction and metabolic perturbations in both rodents and humans. Compelling evidence suggests that hypoxia exposure alters metabolism, at least partly through effects on AT. However, it remains to be elucidated whether mild intermittent hypoxia (MIH) exposure impacts the AT proteome.

Mild intermittent hypoxia exposure induces metabolic and molecular adaptations in men with obesity.

Objective: Recent studies suggest that hypoxia exposure may improve glucose homeostasis, but well-controlled human studies are lacking. We hypothesized that mild intermittent hypoxia (MIH) exposure decreases tissue oxygen partial pressure (pO) and induces metabolic improvements in people who are overweight/obese.

Methods: In a randomized, controlled, single-blind crossover study, 12 men who were overweight/obese were exposed to MIH (15 % O, 3 × 2 h/day) or normoxia (21 % O) for 7 consecutive days.

The impact of hypoxia exposure on glucose homeostasis in metabolically compromised humans: A systematic review.

Humans living at a higher altitude are less prone to suffer from impaired glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which might at least partly be explained by lower oxygen availability at higher altitudes. The present systematic review aimed to provide an overview of the current literature on the effects of hypoxia exposure on glucose homeostasis in metabolically compromised humans. Several databases were searched up to August 10, 2020.

Oxygenation of adipose tissue: A human perspective.

Obesity is a complex disorder of excessive adiposity, and is associated with adverse health effects such as cardiometabolic complications, which are to a large extent attributable to dysfunctional white adipose tissue. Adipose tissue dysfunction is characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy, impaired adipokine secretion, a chronic low-grade inflammatory status, hormonal resistance and altered metabolic responses, together contributing to insulin resistance and related chronic diseases. Adipose tissue hypoxia, defined as a relative oxygen deficit, in obesity has been proposed as a potential contributor to adipose tissue dysfunction, but studies in humans have yielded conflicting results.