Toward Foundation Models in Radiology? Quantitative Assessment of GPT-4V's Multimodal and Multianatomic Region Capabilities.

Background Large language models have already demonstrated potential in medical text processing. GPT-4V, a large vision-language model from OpenAI, has shown potential for medical imaging, yet a quantitative analysis is lacking. Purpose To quantitatively assess the performance of GPT-4V in interpreting radiologic images using unseen data.

Differentiating Well-Differentiated from Poorly-Differentiated HCC: The Potential and the Limitation of Gd-EOB-DTPA in the Presence of Liver Cirrhosis.

This study uses magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate the potential of the hepatospecific contrast agent gadolinium ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) in distinguishing G1- from G2/G3-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our approach involved analyzing the dynamic behavior of the contrast agent in different phases of imaging by signal intensity (SI) and lesion contrast (C), to surrounding liver parenchyma, and comparing it across distinct groups of patients differentiated based on the histopathological grading of their HCC lesions and the presence of liver cirrhosis. Our results highlighted a significant contrast between well- and poorly-differentiated lesions regarding the lesion contrast in the arterial and late arterial phases.

CT findings in "Post-Covid": residua from acute pneumonia or "Post-Covid-ILD"?

The aim of this study was to evaluate if CT findings in patients with pulmonary Post Covid syndrome represent residua after acute pneumonia or if SARS-CoV 2 induces a true ILD. Consecutive patients with status post acute Covid-19 pneumonia and persisting pulmonary symptoms were enrolled. Inclusion criteria were availability of at least one chest CT performed in the acute phase and at least one chest CT performed at least 80 days after symptom onset.

Complementary imaging of ultrasound and PET/CT: A new opportunity?

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of complementary imaging of high-resolution ultrasound including CEUS with PET/CT for tissue characterization and tumor detection.

Material And Methods: 100 patients were examined with PET/CT and US/CEUS between January 2018 until February 2020. All patients underwent PET/CT followed by selective US/CEUS within 4 weeks.

Assessment of Association Between Venous Occlusion and Infection of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices.

The increasing number of patients treated with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) and indications for complex pacing requires system revisions. Currently, data on venous patency in repeat CIED surgery involving lead (re)placement or extraction are largely missing. This study aimed to assess venous patency and risk factors in patients referred for repeat CIED lead surgery, emphasizing CIED infection.

Wireless point-of-care ultrasound: First experiences with a new generation handheld device.

Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic reliability of a new generation wireless point-of care ultrasound device for abdominal and thoracic findings.

Material And Methods: 40 patients (16 females, 24 males 19 -80 years, on average 56.1 years) were scanned by an experienced examiner using the new wireless Vscan Air device for abdominal and thoracic findings.

Suspicious breast lesions incidentally detected on chest computer tomography with histopathological correlation.

Objective: To evaluate incidental breast lesions on chest computed tomography with histopathological correlation. It is important for general radiologist to characterize a breast lesion as benign, indetermined, or sufficiently suspicious to warrant further work-up.

Methods: A total of 35.

Severe COVID-19 pneumonia: Perfusion analysis in correlation with pulmonary embolism and vessel enlargement using dual-energy CT data.

Background: Gas exchange in COVID-19 pneumonia is impaired and vessel obstruction has been suspected to cause ventilation-perfusion mismatch. Dual-energy CT (DECT) can depict pulmonary perfusion by regional assessment of iodine uptake.

Objective: The purpose of this study was the analysis of pulmonary perfusion using dual-energy CT in a cohort of 27 consecutive patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia.

Occurrence of spontaneous fistulas detected by contrast filling during computed tomography-guided percutaneous drainage placement of splenic and perisplenic fluid collections.

Background: Fistulas are serious complications of splenic and perisplenic fluid accumulations, which are often difficult to detect by routine imaging methods.

Purpose: To evaluate the occurrence of spontaneous fistulas detectable during computed tomography-guided percutaneous drainage placement (CTGDP) with contrast filling of splenic or perisplenic fluid collections and to assess characteristics in comparison with perihepatic or peripancreatic fluid accumulations, also being treated with CTGDP.

Material And Methods: In 127 CTGDP-procedures, pre-interventional CTs conducted with intravenous contrast agent were compared to post-interventional CTs including contrast filling of the drain to identify spontaneous fistulas.

CT Features of COVID-19 Pneumonia Differ Depending on the Severity and Duration of Disease.

Background: CT is important in the care of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. However, CT morphology can change significantly over the course of the disease. To evaluate the CT morphology of RT-PCR-proven COVID-19 pneumonia in a German cohort with special emphasis on identification of potential differences of CT features depending on duration and severity of disease.

Racial and ethnic disparities in hospital observation in Maryland.

Objectives: Hospital observation is a key disposition option from the emergency department (ED) and encompasses up to one third of patients requiring post-ED care. Observation has been associated with higher incidence of catastrophic financial costs and has downstream effects on post-discharge clinical services. Yet little is known about the non-clinical determinants of observation assignment.

Routine restaging after primary non-surgical treatment of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma-a review.

Purpose: Treatment of patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma with radiotherapy or chemoradiation is an established alternative to laryngeal surgery in many cases, but particularly for advanced tumors without cartilage invasion. Imaging modalities face the challenge of distinguishing between posttherapeutic changes and residual disease in the complex anatomic subsite of the larynx. Guidelines concerning restaging of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are presented by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and other national guidelines, but clearly defined recommendations for routine restaging particularly for laryngeal cancer are lacking.

Computed tomography characterization and outcome evaluation of COVID-19 pneumonia complicated by venous thromboembolism.

Background: COVID-19 is frequently complicated by venous thromboembolism (VTE). Computed tomography (CT) of the chest-primarily usually conducted as low-dose, non-contrast enhanced CT-plays an important role in the diagnosis and follow-up of COVID-19 pneumonia. Performed as contrast-enhanced CT pulmonary angiography, it can reliably detect or rule-out pulmonary embolism (PE).

Sharp margin and geographic shape: systematic evaluation of two novel CT features in COVID-19 pneumonia.

Objective: CT is important in the care of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. However, specificity might be poor in the absence of a clinical and epidemiological context. The goal of this work was to systematically evaluate two novel CT features (sharp margin and geographic shape) of COVID-19 pneumonia.

Signal intensity in the dentate nucleus after cumulative dose of Gd-EOB-DTPA: First results of a prospective longitudinal study.

Gadolinium ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) is a hepatocyte-specific, linear ionic contrast agent for MRI. In comparison to other linear contrast agents Gd-EOB-DTPA is excreted equally through liver and kidneys. This prospective longitudinal study investigates the signal intensity (SI) in the dentate nucleus (DN) on unenhanced T1-weighted images after repetitive application of Gd-EOB-DTPA.

Can CT performed in the early disease phase predict outcome of patients with COVID 19 pneumonia? Analysis of a cohort of 64 patients from Germany.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate if CT performed in the early disease phase can predict the course of COVID-19 pneumonia in a German cohort.

Method: All patients with RT-PCR proven COVID-19 pneumonia and chest CT performed within 10 days of symptom onset between March 1st and April 15th 2020 were retrospectively identified from two tertiary care hospitals. 12 CT features, their distribution in the lung and the global extent of opacifications were evaluated.

Color coded perfusion analysis and microcirculation imaging with contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for post-interventional success control following thermal ablative techniques of primary and secondary liver malignancies.

Aim: Evaluation of the post-interventional success following ablative techniques (radiofrequency and microwave) using a new color coded perfusion quantification software with CEUS in patients with primary and secondary liver malignancies.

Material And Methods: 75 patients (60 males, 15 females, age 24-84 years, mean 62.7 years) with 128 malignant liver lesions were included in this study.

Color Coded Perfusion Imaging with Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) for Post-Interventional Success Control Following Irreversible Electroporation (IRE) of Primary and Secondary Malignant Liver Lesions.

Aim: Evaluation of the post-interventional success following irreversible electroporation (IRE) using a new color coded perfusion quantification software with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in patients with malignant lesions of the liver.

Methods: Thirty-eight patients with 68 malignant liver lesions underwent IRE. All malignant lesions were investigated with CEUS before and within 24 hours following IRE to detect residual tumor tissue.

Color coded perfusion imaging with contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for post-interventional success control following trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Aim: Evaluation of an external color coded perfusion quantification software with CEUS for the post-interventional success control following TACE in patients with HCC.

Material And Methods: 31 patients (5 females, 26 males, age range 34-82 years, mean 66.8 years) with 59 HCC lesions underwent superselective TACE using DSM Beads between 01/2015 and 06/2018.

Characterization of Focal Liver Lesions using CEUS and MRI with Liver-Specific Contrast Media: Experience of a Single Radiologic Center.

Aim:  The purpose of this study was to compare contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using liver-specific contrast agent and a combination of both for the characterization of focal liver lesions (FLL).

Methods:  83 patients with both benign and malignant liver lesions were examined using CEUS and MRI after the intravenous administration of liver-specific contrast media. All patients had inconclusive results from prior imaging examinations.

Analysis of Radiological Case Presentations and their Impact on Therapy and Treatment Concepts in Internal Medicine.

 Evaluation of clinical impact regarding diagnostic and therapeutic changes influenced by interdisciplinary radiological case presentations.  Prospective evaluation of radiological-gastrointestinal clinical case conferences over a 1-year period at a tertiary care center. We documented the preparation (phase 1) and clinical case conference (phase 2) regarding their impact on the radiology report and further diagnostic work-up and therapy.

Retinal Involvement in a Patient with Cerebral Manifestation of Chronic Graft-Versus-Host-Disease.

Background: We report a 35-year-old female patient with cerebral manifestations of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) and putative retinal involvement after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT).

Patient And Methods: The patient experienced recurrent episodes of fever and encephalitic signs 7 months after alloHSCT during taper of immunosuppression (IS).

Results: Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed non-gadolinium-enhancing confluent periventricular lesions and cerebrospinal fluid inflammation.

Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of CEUS in children with benign and malignant liver lesions and portal vein anomalies.

Objective: Comparison of the diagnostic findings of MRI, CT and CEUS in children with benign and malignant and portal venous anomalies of the liver.

Materials/methods: Retrospective analysis of the diagnostic findings of CEUS, MRI and CT scans in 56 children (age 0-17 years) with a total of 60 benign and malignant liver lesions and anomalies of the portal vein/perfusion. All patients underwent CEUS using sulphur hexafluoride microbubbles and a multi-frequency probe (1-5 MHz, 6-9 MHz).

Is Strain Elastography (IO-SE) Sufficient for Characterization of Liver Lesions before Surgical Resection--Or Is Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) Necessary?

Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of IO-SE in comparison to IO-CEUS for the differentiation between malignant and benign liver lesions.

Material And Methods: In a retrospective diagnostic study IO-CEUS and SE examinations of 49 liver lesions were evaluated and compared to histopathological examinations. Ultrasound was performed using a multifrequency linear probe (6-9 MHz).