Protein and Energy Supplements for the Elderly.

The proportion of elderly individuals is rising globally, and data have shown that as high as 8% of the elderly community suffer from malnutrition. Protein energy malnutrition has shown to elevate morbidity and mortality risk in the elderly; therefore, protein and energy supplement are needed for the elderly populations to create healthy conditions. This chapter describes about general structure of protein, protein turnover, amino acid metabolism including metabolism in the elderly, protein change in aging, supplementation of amino acid as well as vitamin and mineral for the elderly.

The mRNA expression of Forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) as a longevity-associated gene in leucocytes of elderly women.

Objective: This study aimed to analyse the expression pattern of FOXO3a in leucocytes of elderly women according to their lifespans.

Methods: It was a cross-sectional study involving 60 healthy elderly female subjects living in Jakarta. Women were classified based on age as younger (60-70 years of age) and older (> 70 years of age).