Remineralization of post-orthodontic white spot lesions with a fluoride varnish and a self-assembling P 11 - 4 peptides: a prospective in-vivo-study.

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the remineralization effects of fluoride varnish (Clinpro White varnish), self-assembling peptide (Curodont™ Repair) and their combined use on WSL after orthodontic treatment.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-two subjects, aged of 10-18 (mean age 13.91 ± 2.

Effect of Caries Infiltrant on Margin Integrity of Composite Fillings Placed Adjacent to Demineralised Primary Enamel.

Purpose: To investigate the influence of pretreating demineralised enamel with an infiltrant on the margin integrity of Class V like composite restorations on primary teeth bonded with different adhesives.

Materials And Methods: Forty specimens from primary molars were demineralised and circular class-V-like cavities were prepared. The cavities were treated with a universal adhesive (Scotchbond Universal Adhesive, 3M Oral Care), applied either in self-etch (SE) or etch-and-rinse mode (ER) mode.

Comparative evaluation of fluoride varnishes, self-assembling peptide-based remineralization agent, and enamel matrix protein derivative on artificial enamel remineralization in vitro.

Background: One of the most unfavorable side effects of fixed orthodontic treatment is white spot lesions (WSLs). Although the most important approach is prevention of WSLs, it is also essential to evaluate the efficacy of the remineralization agents. However, there is no concurrence in the literature with respect to the remineralization process of these agents.

Low-Viscosity Resin Infiltration Efficacy on Postorthodontic White Spot Lesions: A Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence Evaluation.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of low-viscosity light-cured resin infiltration on postorthodontic white spot lesions (WSLs) on incipient and advanced lesions using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF).

Methods: The study subjects were patients with clinically diagnosed postorthodontic WSLs (n=57). QLF images of the lesions were obtained using a QLF device (Inspektor-Pro, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) before any treatment.

Influence of Lateral Cephalometric Radiographs on Orthodontic Treatment Planning of Class II Patients.

Background: Lateral Cephalometric Radiographs (LCR) are a common decision-making aid in orthodontic treatment planning and are routinely used in clinical practice. The aim of this present study was to test the null hypothesis that LCR evaluation does not alter specific components of orthodontic treatment planning in Class II patients.

Materials And Methods: Records of 75 patients, who had been treated at the Department of Orthodontics, Centre of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich comprised the study material.

Margin Integrity of Conservative Composite Restorations after Resin Infiltration of Demineralized Enamel.

Purpose: To investigate the influence of pretreating demineralized enamel with a caries infiltrant on the margin integrity of Class V composite restorations bonded with different adhesives.

Materials And Methods: A total of 60 specimens from bovine incisors were demineralized (21 days, acid buffer, pH 4.95) to create artificial enamel lesions, and circular Class V cavities were prepared.

Influence of Lateral Cephalometric Radiography on Treatment Planning and Preferences in Skeletal Open-Bite Patients: Do Lateral Cephalograms Influence Treatment Planning?

Objective: To investigate the influence of diagnostic data derived from lateral cephalometric radiographs (LCR) on treatment preferences of specialists planning skeletal open-bite treatment.

Methods: Diagnostic records of 25 patients who had been treated at the University of Zurich, Department of Orthodontics, between 1988 and 2007 comprised the study material. Inclusion criteria were 1) skeletal open-bite with no marked antero-posterior discrepancy, 2) dental open-bite, and 3) crowding less than 5 mm.

Stability of two resin combinations used as sealants against toothbrush abrasion and acid challenge in vitro.

Objective: To test the stability of two conventional adhesives when combined with a low-viscosity caries infiltrant used for sealing sound enamel against toothbrush abrasion and acid challenge in vitro.

Materials And Methods: Bovine enamel discs (Ø = 3 mm) randomly assigned to three groups (n = 10/group) were etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 30 s and treated with resins of different monomer contents forming three test groups: (1) Untreated specimens (Control); (2) Infiltrant (Icon, DMG) + conventional enamel bonding adhesive (Heliobond, Ivoclar Vivadent); and (3) Infiltrant + conventional orthodontic adhesive (Transbond XT Primer, 3M Unitek). All specimens were immersed in hydrochloric acid (pH 2.

Colour improvement and stability of white spot lesions following infiltration, micro-abrasion, or fluoride treatments in vitro.

Summary Background/objectives: White spot lesions (WSLs) are unwelcome side effects of fixed appliances that compromise the treatment outcome. Recently, infiltration of WSLs has been introduced as a viable treatment alternative. The objective was to evaluate the colour improvement of WSLs and their stability against discolouration following infiltration, fluoride, or micro-abrasion treatments in vitro.

Influence of lateral cephalometric radiographs on extraction decision in skeletal class I patients.

Background: Radiographic examination is considered 'justified' only when detection of a condition that would change the mechanisms and timing of treatment is possible. Radiographic safety guidelines have restricted the indication of lateral cephalometric radiographs (LCRs) to presence of distinct skeletal Class II or Class III. However, they are taken routinely in clinical practice and considered to be part of the 'gold' standard for orthodontic diagnosis.

In vitro evaluation of the erosive potential of viscosity-modified soft acidic drinks on enamel.

Objective: The objective of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of viscosity-modified soft acidic drinks on enamel erosion.

Materials And Methods: A total of 108 bovine enamel samples (∅ = 3 mm) were embedded in acrylic resin and allocated into six groups (n = 18). Soft acidic drinks (orange juice, Coca-Cola, Sprite) were used both in their regular forms and at a kinetic viscositiy of 5 mm(2)/s, which was adjusted by adding hydroxypropyl cellulose.

Effect of chlorhexidine varnish application on streptoococcus mutans colonisation in adolescents with fixed orthodontic appliances.

Objective: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the re-colonisation pattern of Streptococcus mutans (MS) in highlevel MS-colonised patients with fixed orthodontic appliances following 40% chlorhexidine varnish application prior to bracket placement.

Materials And Methods: The subjects of this single-blinded clinical trial were 13-14year-old adolescents (N = 14) with significant orthodontic treatment need, a high salivary MS count but without any carious lesions. Baseline MS levels were determined by the cultivation of saliva collected from each subject using strips developed for this purpose (Strip-mutans, Orion Diagnostica, Espoo, Finland).

Caries infiltrant combined with conventional adhesives for sealing sound enamel in vitro.

Objective: To test the null hypothesis that combining low-viscosity caries infiltrant with conventional adhesive resins would not improve sealing of sound enamel against demineralization in vitro.

Materials And Methods: Bovine enamel discs (N = 60) with diameter of 3 mm were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 10). The discs were etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 30 seconds and treated with resins of different monomer content forming the following groups: (1) Icon (DMG), (2) Transbond XT Primer (3M ESPE), (3) Heliobond (Ivoclar Vivadent), (4) Icon + Transbond XT Primer, and (5) Icon + Heliobond.

Effects of different chlorhexidine pretreatments on adhesion of metal brackets in vitro.

Objective: To investigate the effect of chlorhexidine applications in various forms and concentrations on adhesion and failure modes of metal brackets in vitro.

Material And Methods: Ninety bovine enamel specimens were allocated to six groups (n=15). Metal brackets were bonded on all specimens after chlorhexidine pre-treatments forming the following groups: (1) untreated specimens (control); (2) 40% varnish (EC40, Biodent BV, Netherlands), remnants removed with brushing mimicking patient cleaning; (3) 40% varnish (EC40), remnants removed with brushing mimicking professional cleaning; (4) 1% varnish (Cervitec Plus, Ivoclar vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), remnants not removed; (5) brushed with% 1 gel (Corsodyl, GlaxoSmithKline, Münchenbuchsee, Germany), remnants not removed; (6) immersed in 0.

Shear bond strength of orthodontic resins after caries infiltrant preconditioning.

Objective: To investigate the influence of caries infiltrant preconditioning on the shear bond strength of orthodontic resin cements on sound and demineralized enamel.

Materials And Methods:  Stainless-steel brackets were bonded to sound or artificially demineralized (14 d, acidic buffer, pH 5.0) bovine enamel specimens using a resin cement or a combination of caries infiltrant preconditioning (Icon, DMG) and the respective resin cement (light-curing composite: Heliosit Orthodontic, Transbond XT, using either Transbond XT Primer or Transbond Plus Self Etching Primer; light-curing resin-modified glass ionomer cement: Fuji Ortho; or self-curing composite: Concise Orthodontic Bonding System).

Shear bond strength of brackets to demineralize enamel after different pretreatment methods.

Objective: To compare the influence of demineralized and variously pretreated demineralized enamel on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets.

Materials And Methods: Sixty bovine enamel specimens were allocated to five groups (n  =  12). Specimens of group 1 were not demineralized and were not pretreated, but served as controls.

Digital image color analysis compared to direct dental CIE colorimeter assessment under different ambient conditions.

Purposes: To evaluate the concordance and repeatability of two in vivo methods for dental color assessment and to clarify the influence of different ambient light conditions and subject's head position on the assessed color variables.

Methods: Color assessments were performed by two examiners on 16 arbitrarily selected subjects under two different, standardized conditions of illumination and at two different standardized head angulations. CIE (L*a*b*) data for upper and lower central incisors were recorded in two different ways: (1) by an intra-oral contact dental colorimeter and (2) by processing digital images for performing color calculation using Adobe Photoshop software.

Changes in incisor third-order inclination resulting from vertical variation in lingual bracket placement.

Objective: To test the null hypothesis that third-order measurements are not correlated to lingual incisor features seen on radiographs.

Material And Methods: The lateral headfilms of 38 untreated, norm-occlusion subjects without incisor abrasions or restorations were used for third-order measurements of upper and lower central incisors and assessment of the inclination of four sites suitable for lingual bracket placement with reference to the occlusal plane perpendicular. Lingual sections were determined by the tangents at the incisal fossa (S1), at the transition plateau between incisal fossa and the cingulum (S2), by a constructed line reaching from the incisal tip to the cingulum (S3), and by a tangent at the cingulum convexity (S4).

Systematic evaluation of the features influencing the accuracy of third order measurements.

The aims of this study were to evaluate the relationship of third order measurements on dental casts with those on lateral radiographs, and to identify those incisor features on radiographs which can best explain third order measurements on dental casts. Lateral cephalograms and corresponding dental casts were obtained from 39 untreated Caucasians (12 males, 27 females; mean age 19.5 years; standard deviation 3.

On the interaction between incisor crown-root morphology and third-order angulation.

Objective: To evaluate the significance of crown-root angles (CRAs) by testing the null hypothesis that there are no significant differences in deviations of third-order angles to axial inclination values between Angle Class II division 2 incisors and a neutral occlusion control sample.

Materials And Methods: The study group comprised n(total) = 130 whites with either Angle Class II division 2 (n(1) = 62; group A) or neutral (n(2) = 68; control group B) occlusal relationships. Upper central incisor inclination (U1) was assessed with reference to the cephalometric lines NA and palatal plane (U1NA/deg, U1PP/deg).

A randomized CIE L*a*b* evaluation of external bleaching therapy effects on fluorotic enamel stains.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of external bleaching on the color and luminosity of fluorotic stains and adjacent, normally mineralized enamel areas by means of CIE L*a*b* colorimetry.

Method And Materials: Eighteen adolescents with mild to moderate fluorotic stains were randomly assigned to either bleaching group A (n = 9) or control group B. Eligibility criteria were fluorotic stained maxillary incisors or canines and the informed consent of the participants and their guardians.

A method for defining targets in contemporary incisor inclination correction.

Different craniofacial properties require individual targets in incisor inclination. These requirements are mostly scheduled on the basis of cephalometric diagnosis, but, however, performed using straightwire appliances, which refer to third-order angles and not to cephalometric data. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between incisor third-order angles, incisor inclination, and skeletal craniofacial findings in untreated ideal occlusion subjects with natural dentoalveolar compensation of skeletal variation, in order to link the field of cephalometric assessment of incisor inclination with that of contemporary orthodontic incisor inclination correction.

A new method for chlorhexidine (CHX) determination: CHX release after application of differently concentrated CHX-containing preparations on artificial fissures.

Aims of the study were (1) to establish a method for quantification of chlorhexidine (CHX) in small volumes and (2) to determine CHX release from differently concentrated CHX-containing preparations, varnishes, and a CHX gel applied on artificial fissures. CHX determination was conducted in a microplate reader using polystyrene wells. The reduced intensity of fluorescence of the microplates was used for CHX quantification.

External bleaching effect on the color and luminosity of inactive white-spot lesions after fixed orthodontic appliances.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of external bleaching on the color and luminosity of inactive white-spot lesions (WSLs) present after fixed orthodontic appliance treatment as means for achieving color matching of the WSLs with adjacent tooth surfaces.

Materials And Methods: Ten patients with inactive WSLs after therapy with fixed orthodontic appliances were selected. At baseline, the lightness of maxillary incisors and canines was assessed with a colorimeter.

Cephalometric assessment of the axial inclination of upper and lower incisors in relation to the third-order angle.

Background And Aim: Estimating incisor inclination cephalometrically by reference lines NA and NB puts the orthodontist in the difficult position of relating these axial inclination data to the bracket's third-order prescription which refers to a perpendicular to the occlusal plane. Purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the cephalometrically-assessed incisor inclination (using the lines NA and NB for reference) and the third-order angle (syn.: torque angle, TA) according to Andrews' description, and moreover to investigate the correlation between incisor inclination data and skeletal-sagittal and skeletal-vertical findings.