Towards circular desalination: A new methodology for measuring and assessing resource flows and circular actions.

There is a lack of methodologies that quantitatively measure the intrinsic circularity of desalination systems, particularly focusing on resource flow traceability and circular actions. This study proposes a novel framework for assessing the circular economy performance of desalination systems. By integrating a systemic indicator selection and calculation approach, this methodology enables a comprehensive evaluation of intrinsic circularity in desalination processes.

Systematic assessment of wastewater resource circularity and sustainable value creation.

The circular use of wastewater has attracted significant attention in recent years. However, there is a lack of universal definitions and measurement tools that are required to achieve the circular economy's full potential. Therefore, a methodology was developed using three indicator typologies, namely resource flow, circular action, and sustainability indicators, to facilitate a robust and holistic circularity assessment.

Indicator based multi-criteria decision support systems for wastewater treatment plants.

Wastewater treatment plant decision makers face stricter regulations regarding human health protection, environmental preservation, and emissions reduction, meaning they must improve process sustainability and circularity, whilst maintaining economic performance. This creates complex multi-objective problems when operating and selecting technologies to meet these demands, resulting in the development of many decision support systems for the water sector. European Commission publications highlight their ambition for greater levels of sustainability, circularity, and environmental and human health protection, which decision support system implementation should align with to be successful in this region.

Tracing wastewater resources: Unravelling the circularity of waste using source, destination, and quality analysis.

Current circularity assessment terminology restricts application to wastewater processes due to the focus on technical systems. Waste stream and wastewater discharge circularity definitions lead to paradoxical assessments that generate results of little value for evidence-based decision making. Therefore, a classification approach was developed to measure inflow and outflow circularity of the main wastewater resource flows using the principle of traceability, adopting the attitude that not all waste is created equally.

Meaningful coproduction with clinicians: establishing a practice-based research network with physiotherapists in regional Australia.

Background: The disconnect between research and clinical practice leads to research evidence that is often not useful for clinical practice. Practice-based research networks are collaborations between researchers and clinicians aimed at coproducing more useful research. Such networks are rare in the physiotherapy field.

Assessing circularity of multi-sectoral systems under the Water-Energy-Food-Ecosystems (WEFE) nexus.

The Multi-Sectoral Water Circularity Assessment (MSWCA) is a methodological framework developed for circularity assessment of the Water-Energy-Food-Ecosystems nexus. It involves five methodological steps and includes an indicators list for the selection of case-specific indicators. This study expands the MSWCA to provide a systematic approach for selecting indicators, considering system's circular actions and multi-functionality, the capture of implemented changes, the three CE principles and the sustainable development goals.

Where is the greatest potential for resource recovery in wastewater treatment plants?

The restorative and regenerative ability of the circular economy has led to the rapid growth of this concept over the past decade, as it facilitates the broadly adopted principles of sustainable development and beyond, through restorative and regenerative actions. The water sector is poised to benefit from this transition, due to its intrinsic circularity and the resources it handles, predominantly found in wastewater, that are valuable and critical. Currently, the vast range of resource recovery technologies coupled with few industrial examples hinder strategic decision making.

Lead Poisoning and the Dangers of Pragmatism.

Drawing from ethnographic research on lead poisoning in Uruguay and secondary literature from lead poisoning cases around the world, the commentary argues that public health policy guided by pragmatism presents multiple dangers to effective health intervention.

Low-dimensional dynamics of structured random networks.

Using a generalized random recurrent neural network model, and by extending our recently developed mean-field approach [J. Aljadeff, M. Stern, and T.

QCD phase transition with chiral quarks and physical quark masses.

We report on the first lattice calculation of the QCD phase transition using chiral fermions with physical quark masses. This calculation uses 2+1 quark flavors, spatial volumes between (4 fm)(3) and (11 fm)(3) and temperatures between 139 and 196 MeV. Each temperature is calculated at a single lattice spacing corresponding to a temporal Euclidean extent of N(t) = 8.

Code of Sustainable Practice in Occupational and Environmental Health and Safety for Corporations.

At a conference held at Stony Brook University in December 2007, "Dangerous Trade: Histories of Industrial Hazard across a Globalizing World," participants endorsed a Code of Sustainable Practice in Occupational and Environmental Health and Safety for Corporations. The Code outlines practices that would ensure corporations enact the highest health and environmentally protective measures in all the locations in which they operate. Corporations should observe international guidelines on occupational exposure to air contaminants, plant safety, air and water pollutant releases, hazardous waste disposal practices, remediation of polluted sites, public disclosure of toxic releases, product hazard labeling, sale of products for specific uses, storage and transport of toxic intermediates and products, corporate safety and health auditing, and corporate environmental auditing.

Predicting type of psychiatric disorder from Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) scores in child mental health clinics in London and Dhaka.

A computerised algorithm was developed to predict child psychiatric diagnoses on the basis of the symptom and impact scores derived from Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires (SDQs) completed by parents, teachers and young people. The predictive algorithm generates "unlikely", "possible" or "probable" ratings for four broad categories of disorder, namely conduct disorders, emotional disorders, hyperactivity disorders, and any psychiatric disorder. The algorithm was applied to patients attending child mental health clinics in Britain (N = 101) and Bangladesh (N = 89).

Magnetic resonance evaluation of recurrent disc herniation: is gadolinium necessary?

Study Design: Evaluation of magnetic resonance images (MRIs) with surgical reference standard.

Objectives: To determine whether the addition of contrast-enhanced MRI scans increases diagnostic efficacy in the evaluation of recurrent disc herniation.

Summary Of Background Data: Many centers now routinely use gadolinium-enhanced examinations in the evaluation of recurrent disc herniation.

Bone tumor radiograph review by pathologists prior to pathologic diagnosis: a receiver operator curve analysis of diagnostic utility.

Radiologic-pathologic correlation has long been considered a prerequisite for the accurate diagnosis of bone lesions. We investigated using receiver-operating characteristic analysis the accuracy of histopathologic diagnoses with and without pathologist review of radiographs. While accuracy of diagnosis did improve when the radiographs were reviewed by the pathologist, this increase did not reach statistical significance (P=0.

Adhesive capsulitis of the wrist.

The authors report the arthrographic features of adhesive capsulitis of the wrist in a patient who had undergone prolonged wrist immobilization. The diagnosis was made on the basis of pain and early filling of the lymphatic vessels during the injection of contrast material, as well as small joint capacity.

Prevalence of previously undetected osteonecrosis of the femoral head in renal transplant recipients.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of osteonecrosis (ON) of the femoral head in renal transplant recipients and determine the natural history of previously undetected lesions.

Materials And Methods: The hips of 132 renal transplant recipients were examined with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, with radiographs obtained only in the patients with positive MR images.

Results: Ten patients (15 hips) were considered to have ON (prevalence, 7.

Interventional musculoskeletal radiology.

Interventional procedures constitute a significant proportion of musculoskeletal radiology. Percutaneous needle biopsy is the ultimate diagnostic technique for the evaluation of musculoskeletal neoplasms and infections. The procedure is accurate, rapid, and safe.

Severity of articular cartilage abnormality in patients with osteoarthritis: evaluation with fast spin-echo MR vs arthroscopy.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of fast spin-echo MR imaging for depicting the severity of articular cartilage abnormalities in patients with osteoarthritis.

Subjects And Methods: Twenty-three subjects (10 volunteers less than 35 years old and 13 patients with proved, symptomatic, idiopathic osteoarthritis of the knee of 6 months' to 10 years' clinical duration) underwent fast spin-echo MR imaging of the knee. Two observers graded each articular surface using a five-category scale that took into account abnormalities in the signal intensity of cartilage as well as thickness and contour.

The prevalence and natural history of early osteonecrosis (ON) of the femoral head.

We performed limited MRI exams of the hips of renal transplant patients to determine the prevalence of osteonecrosis (ON) and the natural history of early lesions. Of 132 subjects, ten patients and 15 hips were considered positive for ON (prevalence = 7.6%, bilaterality = 50%).

Comparison of oral cholecystography and ultrasonography for evaluating chronic cholecystitis using patient outcome as the reference standard.

Rationale And Objectives: The authors compared oral cholecystography (OCG) with ultrasound (US) in the detection of chronic gallbladder disease using clinical outcome, rather than pathology results, as the reference standard.

Methods: The authors interviewed 269 patients who underwent either OCG, US, or both, for evaluation of chronic right upper quadrant abdominal pain. The authors considered patients who underwent cholecystectomy with improved symptoms 1 to 4 years after surgery to be reference-standard positive for gallbladder disease, and patients with objective evidence of an alternative diagnosis (eg, peptic ulcer disease), which improved with therapy as reference-standard negative.

Error in radiology: classification and lessons in 182 cases presented at a problem case conference.

The authors review and classify errors in 182 cases that were presented at problem case conferences between August 1986 and October 1990. Errors were classified by means of a system developed 20 years ago and by means of a system developed within the past several years. The authors found that sources of error have changed very little.

Percutaneous needle biopsy of musculoskeletal lesions. 2. Cost-effectiveness.

We compared the cost-effectiveness of fluoroscopically directed percutaneous needle biopsy (PNB) of musculoskeletal lesions, CT-guided PNB, and open biopsy. We independently assessed the following characteristics: suspected lesion type (metastatic deposit, infection, or primary neoplasm, as determined by clinical findings and radiologic appearance before biopsy); lesion location (axial or appendicular); and appearance on plain films (radiolucent or lytic, sclerotic, vertebral compression fracture, and soft-tissue lesions). In suspected primary tumors, cost-effectiveness of PNB was similar to that of open biopsy: fluoroscopically directed PNB was slightly more cost-effective than open biopsy whereas CT-directed PNB was slightly less cost-effective.