Anaerobic oxidation of methane in landfill and adjacent groundwater environments: Occurrence, mechanisms, and potential applications.

Landfills remain the predominant means of solid waste management worldwide. Widespread distribution and significant stockpiles of waste in landfills make them a significant source of methane emissions, exacerbating climate change. Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) has been shown to play a critical role in mitigating methane emissions on a global scale.

Antibiotic resistance genes and heavy metals in landfill: A review.

Landfill is reservoir containing antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that pose a threat to human life and health. Heavy metals impose lasting effects on ARGs. This review investigated and analyzed the distribution, composition, and abundance of heavy metals and ARGs in landfill.

Spatiotemporal heterogeneous effects of microplastics input on soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) under field conditions.

Microplastics (MPs) as emerging persistent pollutants are ubiquitous in terrestrial environments. The effects of MPs input on soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) yet remain largely unclear, which limits our ability to predict how soil carbon dynamics will respond to the intensifying terrestrial plastic contamination, especially under the context of climate change. Here, a long-term field experiment with MPs addition treatment in soils spanning cold temperate zone to the tropics in China was conducted to evaluate the effects of MPs on DOM composition and to explore the spatial and temporal distribution patterns and relevant mechanistic controls of DOM responses after MPs input.

Highly Enhanced Photoluminescence of Monolayer MoS in Plasmonic Hybrids with Double-Layer Stacked Ag Nanoparticles.

In this work, a feasible method was proposed to prepare MoS-based plasmonic hybrid systems with high photoluminescence (PL) emission enhancement. The enhancement effect of plasmonic hybrids on the PL emission of MoS has been systematically studied on MoS/Ag spherical nanoparticle (SP) hybrid systems with different architectures by changing the stacking position of Ag SPs. It is demonstrated that the sandwich-like hybrid composed of monolayer MoS and dielectric AlO layer between two layers of Ag SPs has the highest PL enhancement.

Emission Variations of Primary Air Pollutants from Highway Vehicles and Implications during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Beijing, China.

According to the traffic flow variation from January 2019 to August 2020, emissions of primary air pollutants from highway vehicles were calculated based on the emission factor method, which integrated the actual structure of on-road vehicles. The characteristics of on-highway traffic flow and pollution emissions were compared during various progression stages of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The results showed that the average daily traffic volume decreased by 38.

On the applicability of the 'humic acids' nomenclature from natural ecosystems to engineering sciences.

•'HA' nomenclature can be undoubtedly applied in engineering sciences.•The real structure of NOM is still a 'black box' in natural ecosystems.•Recognition of 'HA' from natural ecosystems to engineering sciences.

Nitrogen addition promotes the transformation of heavy metal speciation from bioavailable to organic bound by increasing the turnover time of organic matter: An analysis on soil aggregate level.

Nitrogen (N) addition can change physicochemical properties and biogeochemical processes in soil, but whether or not these changes further affect the transport and transformation of heavy metal speciation is unknown. Here, a long-term (2004-2016) field experiment was conducted to assess the responses of different heavy metal speciation in three soil aggregate fractions to N additions in a temperate agroecosystem of North China. The organic matter turnover time was quantified based on changes in δC following the conversion from C3 (wheat) to C4 crop (corn).

Biouptake Responses of Trace Metals to Long-Term Irrigation with Diverse Wastewater in the Wheat Rhizosphere Microenvironment.

Wastewater irrigation is widely practiced and may cause serious environmental problems. However, current knowledge on the effects of long-term irrigation with wastewater from different sources on the biouptake of trace metals (TMs) in the rhizosphere zone by plants in farmlands is limited. Here, we analyzed wheat rhizosphere soil and wheat roots collected from a typical wastewater irrigation area in North China to evaluate the influence of wastewater irrigation from different sources on the bioavailability of trace metals in soils.

Linking the response of soil microbial community structure in soils to long-term wastewater irrigation and soil depth.

Irrigation with treated wastewater (TWW) has become a prevailing agricultural practice due to the scarcity of fresh water resources, which may have a significant impact on the microbial communities that are critical to many biogeochemical processes in soils. However, it is unclear whether there are links between soil microbial responses to long-term irrigation with different sources of wastewater and soil depth. Here we assess the influence of treated domestic (DTWW), leather industry (LTWW) and pharmaceutical (PTWW) wastewater on microbial communities in vertical soil profiles using high-throughput sequencing based on 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene profiling.

Soil solid-phase organic matter-mediated microbial reduction of iron minerals increases with land use change sequence from fallow to paddy fields.

The microbial reduction of Fe(III) minerals (MRF) is an important process in paddy soil because it can affect the biogeochemical cycles of many major and trace elements. Natural organic matter (NOM) that mainly exists in the form of solid phase in soil can mediate MRF through electron shuttling functionality. However, whether a link exists between solid-phase NOM-mediated MRF in soil and the age of paddy field since the reclamation on fallow is unclear.

Association Between Pulmonary Vessel-Related Structures and Cryptogenic Fibrosing Alveolitis Using Derived Computed Tomography Among Chinese Patients.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the association between pulmonary vessel-related structures and cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA) in a drug trial in a Chinese population using derived computed tomography (dCT) to evaluate functional reduction and survival. MATERIAL AND METHODS Discovery and validation cohorts were chosen separately by fulfilment of drug trial entry criteria, and we enrolled 269 and 292 consecutive patients, respectively. CFA patients who had undergone imaging based on volumetric non-contrast CT at our hospital were subjected to pulmonary vessel-related structure (PVS) measures and dCT to forecast mortality and reduction in reduced forced vital capacity of CFA.

Intercropping wheat and maize increases the uptake of phthalic acid esters by plant roots from soils.

Whether crop intercropping can affect the uptake of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) by plant roots from soils is unclear. In this study, we compare the PAE uptake by plant roots between the wheat/maize intercropping and the wheat and maize monocropping in a field work. We show that the PAE bioconcentration factors of wheat and maize roots are remarkably higher under wheat/maize intercropping than under monocropping, indicating that intercropping may significantly increase the biouptake of PAEs as compared to monocropping.

Energy saving control strategies for Haliscomenobacter hydrossis filamentous sludge bulking in the A/O process treating real low carbon/nitrogen domestic wastewater.

The control strategies of energy saving for filamentous sludge bulking were investigated in the A/O process under low dissolved oxygen (DO) with low carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio, and the dominant filamentous bacteria were identified by using fluorescent in situ hybridization. Initially, the sludge volume index reached nearly 500 mL/g and serious bulking occurred when the DO value was 0.5 mg/L, with Haliscomenobacter hydrossis as the major filamentous bacteria in the bulking sludge.

Novel X-Ray Imaging Technology Allows Substantial Patient Radiation Reduction without Image Quality Impairment in Repetitive Transarterial Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Rationale And Objectives: To assess patient radiation dose reduction and the image quality of a new X-ray imaging technology during repetitive transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: Fifty HCC patients (36 men; 57 ± 11 years) undergoing repetitive TACE were first randomly assigned to receive a TACE treatment on a reference X-ray system or a low-dose system with advanced real-time image processing. The alternate system was used for a repeated TACE (treatment interval, 0.

Intrastriatal transplantation of retinal pigment epithelial cells for the treatment of Parkinson disease: in vivo longitudinal molecular imaging with 18F-P3BZA PET/CT.

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of N-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-(18)F-5-fluoropicolinamide ((18)F-P3BZA) for visualizing porcine retinal pigment epithelium (pRPE) cells transplanted in the striatum for the treatment of Parkinson disease and to monitor the long-term activity of implanted pRPE cells by means of (18)F-P3BZA positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in vivo.

Materials And Methods: Animal work was conducted in accordance with the administrative panel on laboratory animal care. In vitro cell uptake of (18)F-P3BZA was determined with incubation of melanotic pRPE or amelanotic ARPE-19 cells with (18)F-P3BZA.

Evaluation of (99) (m)TcN-MPO as a new myocardial perfusion imaging agent in normal dogs and in an acute myocardial infarction canine model: comparison with (99) (m)Tc-sestamibi.

Purpose: (99)  (m)TcN-MPO ([(99)  (m)TcN(mpo)(PNP5)](+): mpo = 2-mercaptopyridine oxide and PNP5 = N-ethoxyethyl-N,N-bis[2-(bis(3-methoxypropyl)phosphino)ethyl]amine) is a cationic (99)  (m)Tc-nitrido complex, which has favorable biodistribution and myocardial uptake with rapid liver clearance in Sprague Dawley rats. The objective of this study was to compare the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of (99)  (m)TcN-MPO and (99)  (m)Tc-Sestamibi in normal dogs, and to evaluate the potential of (99)  (m)TcN-MPO as a myocardial perfusion agent in canines with acute myocardial infarction.

Methods: Five normal mongrel dogs were injected intravenously with (99)  (m)TcN-MPO.

MR reporter gene imaging of endostatin expression and therapy.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to monitor endostatin gene expression and therapy using transferrin receptor (TfR) as reporter gene and transferrin conjugate of ultrasmall supramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (Tf-USPIO) as magnetic resonance (MR) reporter probe.

Procedure: A retroviral plasmid (pLP-LNCX) encoding mouse endostatin and TfR was constructed, and packaged with a titer of 4 × 10(7)colony-forming units per millimeter. MDA-MB-231 breast tumors were established in BALB/c mice by subcutaneous injection of 2 × 10(6) MDA-MB-231 cells.

Characterizing breast cancer xenograft epidermal growth factor receptor expression by using near-infrared optical imaging.

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression is associated with several key features of cancer development and growth. Therefore, EGFR is a very promising biological target for tumor diagnosis and anticancer therapy. Characterization of EGFR expression is important for clinicians to select patients for EGFR-targeted therapy and evaluate therapeutic effects.

[Effect of hepatic artery embolization on the microwave coagulated area].

Objective: To study the effect of hepatic artery embolization on the microwave coagulated area, an in vivo animal experiment.

Methods: Twenty-four suitable hepatic lobes of ten dogs were divided into two groups: microwave coagulation alone 12 lobes (control group) and hepatic artery occlusion with iodized oil and gelatin sponge particles followed by microwave coagulation 12 (experiment group). Microwave coagulation was delivered with an output of 50 W for 300 or 400 seconds with thermal needles introduced parallel to and 5 approximately 20 mm from the puncture needle.