SAHA Enhances Differentiation of CD34+CD45+ Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells from Pluripotent Stem Cells Concomitant with an Increase in Hemogenic Endothelium.

Epigenetic modification is an important process during hematopoietic cell differentiation. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have previously been shown to enhance expansion of umbilical cord blood-derived hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, the effect of HDAC inhibitors on pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in this context is less understood.

Human innate lymphoid cell precursors express CD48 that modulates ILC differentiation through 2B4 signaling.

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) develop from common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs), which further differentiate into the common ILC progenitor (CILP) that can give rise to both ILCs and natural killer (NK) cells. Murine ILC intermediates have recently been characterized, but the human counterparts and their developmental trajectories have not yet been identified, largely due to the lack of homologous surface receptors in both organisms. Here, we show that human CILPs (CD34CD117α4β7Lin) acquire CD48 and CD52, which define NK progenitors (NKPs) and ILC precursors (ILCPs).

Prolactin Acts on Myeloid Progenitors to Modulate SMAD7 Expression and Enhance Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation into the NK Cell Lineage.

Numerous cell types modulate hematopoiesis through soluble and membrane bound molecules. Whether developing hematopoietic progenitors of a particular lineage modulate the differentiation of other hematopoietic lineages is largely unknown. Here we aimed to investigate the influence of myeloid progenitors on CD34 cell differentiation into CD56 innate lymphocytes.

Transient Expression of GATA3 in Hematopoietic Stem Cells Facilitates Helper Innate Lymphoid Cell Differentiation.

Helper Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are tissue resident lymphocytes that play a critical role in a number of biological processes. Several transcription factors are required for the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) into ILCs. Recent studies demonstrate GATA3 as a transcriptional regulator that plays an essential role in ILC development.

Atlantoaxial instability secondary to rheumatoid arthritis.

Multiple elements contribute to the stability of the anterior C1-C2 articulation, making this region subject to pathologies including trauma, inflammation, infection, and congenital deformities. C1-C2 instability places a patient at risk for significant neurologic compromise. Radiologic imaging plays a fundamental role in diagnosing atlantoaxial instability, indicating etiology, showing details of associated abnormalities, and providing information for planning treatment.