People with mild Parkinson's disease have impaired force production in upper limb muscles: A cross-sectional study.

Background: There has been little examination of force production of the upper limb in people with Parkinson's disease (PD), despite its impact on activities of daily living and clear evidence that force production is significantly reduced in lower limb muscle groups. The aim of this study was to determine the force production of the major muscle groups of the upper limb in people with PD during the "on" phase after medication, compared with aged-matched neurologically-normal controls.

Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out.

People with mild PD have impaired force production in all lower limb muscle groups: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Power is reduced in people with Parkinson's disease as a consequence of bradykinesia, but it is not clear whether reduced power is also due to a deficit in force production. The aim of this study was to quantify force production in all major lower limb muscle groups in people with PD during the "on" phase after medication, compared with aged-matched neurologically normal control participants.

Method: Design: A cross-sectional study was undertaken.