Child and Family Outcomes and Experiences Related to Family-Centered Care Interventions for Hospitalized Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review.

Background/objectives: Family-centered care (FCC) is the recommended model for pediatric inpatient care. Our overall aim was to conduct a narrative synthesis of the contemporary published research on the effectiveness of FCC interventions for pediatric inpatients. Our specific objective was to critique studies of inpatient pediatric FCC interventions that evaluated child or parent outcomes.

Home Visiting in California During the First Two Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study of Low-Income Pregnant and Parenting Caregivers.

Context: Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, home visiting services for low-income children and families were provided almost entirely in person. Little is known about clients' experience of home visiting provided virtually by video or phone instead of, or in addition to, in-person home visiting.

Objective: To explore the views of clients in the California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids (CalWORKs) Home Visiting Program (HVP) across California during the first 2 years of the pandemic.

A Qualitative Analysis of Low-Income Pregnant and Parenting Caregivers' Experiences With Home Visiting in California During the First 2 Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Context: In-person home visiting programs that provide evidence-based parenting and child development support improve outcomes for low-income children and families. The COVID-19 pandemic led to a shift from primarily in-person to virtual home visiting services, and little is known about clients' experience of home visiting in this context.

Objective: To describe the experience of clients in the California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids (CalWORKs) Home Visiting Program (HVP) across California during the first 2 years of the pandemic.

"'Oh gosh, why go?' cause they are going to look at me and not hire": intersectional experiences of black women navigating employment during pregnancy and parenting.

Background: Workplace legal protections are important for perinatal health outcomes. Black birthing people are disproportionally affected by pregnancy discrimination and bias in the employment context and lack of family-friendly workplace policies, which may hinder their participation in the labor force and lead to gender and racial inequities in income and health. We aimed to explore Black pregnant women's experiences of pregnancy discrimination and bias when looking for work, working while pregnant, and returning to work postpartum.

Racism is a motivator and a barrier for people of color aspiring to become midwives in the United States.

Objective: To understand motivators and barriers of aspiring midwives of color.

Data Sources And Study Setting: Primary data were collected via a national online survey among people of color in the United States interested in pursuing midwifery education and careers between February 22 and May 2, 2021.

Study Design: Cross-sectional survey consisted of 76 questions (75 closed-ended and 1 open-ended questions) including personal, familial, community, and societal motivators and barriers to pursuing midwifery.

"Police shootings, now that seems to be the main issue" - Black pregnant women's anticipation of police brutality towards their children.

Background: A disproportionate number of people who are killed by police each year are Black. While much attention rightly remains on victims of police brutality, there is a sparse literature on police brutality and perinatal health outcomes. We aimed to explore how Black pregnant women perceive police brutality affects them during pregnancy and might affect their children.

The Space in the Middle: Attitudes of Women's Health and Neonatal Nurses in the United States about Abortion.

Introduction: Despite playing an integral part in sexual and reproductive health care, including abortion care, nurses are rarely the focus of research regarding their attitudes about abortion.

Methods: A sample of 1,820 nurse members of the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses were surveyed about their demographic and professional backgrounds, religious beliefs, and abortion attitudes. Scores on the Abortion Attitudes Scale were analyzed categorically and trichotomized in multinomial regression analyses.

Features and Impact of Trust-Based Relationships Between Community Health Workers and Low-Resource Perinatal Women with Chronic Health Conditions.

Objectives: Community health worker (CHW) programs are a promising strategy to improve maternal and child health outcomes, particularly among low-resource women. Yet, little is known about which aspects of CHW-client relationships are most salient for promoting positive change. This paper examines features of the CHW-client relationship that perinatal women with chronic conditions reported as being beneficial for their experience of prenatal care and pregnancy.

Considerations for Building Sustainable Community Health Worker Programs to Improve Maternal Health.

Objectives: Community health workers (CHWs) are a critical part of the healthcare workforce and valuable members of healthcare teams. However, little is known about successful strategies for sustaining CHW programs. The aim of this study is to identify institutional and community factors that may contribute to the sustainability of CHW programs to improve maternal health outcomes.

Black Pregnant Women "Get the Most Judgment": A Qualitative Study of the Experiences of Black Women at the Intersection of Race, Gender, and Pregnancy.

Background: Pronounced racial disparities in maternal and infant health outcomes persist in the United States. Using an ecosocial and intersectionality framework and biopsychosocial model of health, we aimed to understand Black pregnant women's experiences of gendered racism during pregnancy.

Methods: We conducted semistructured interviews with 24 Black pregnant women in New Haven, Connecticut.

Racial and ethnic disparities in adverse birth outcomes: Differences by racial residential segregation.

Racial and ethnic disparities in adverse birth outcomes have persistently been wide and may be explained by individual and area-level factors. Our primary objective was to determine if county-level black-white segregation modified the association between maternal race/ethnicity and adverse birth outcomes using birth records from the National Center for Health Statistics (2012). Based on maternal residence at birth, county-level black-white racial residential segregation was calculated along five dimensions of segregation: evenness, exposure, concentration, centralization, and clustering.

Area-level deprivation and preterm birth: results from a national, commercially-insured population.

Background: Area-level deprivation is associated with multiple adverse birth outcomes. Few studies have examined the mediating pathways through which area-level deprivation affects these outcomes. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between area-level deprivation and preterm birth, and examine the mediating effects of maternal medical, behavioural, and psychosocial factors.

Combining Phylogenetic and Network Approaches to Identify HIV-1 Transmission Links in San Mateo County, California.

The HIV epidemic in San Mateo County is sustained by multiple overlapping risk groups and is an important hub for HIV transmission in northern California. Limited access to care has led historically to delayed clinical presentation, higher rates of opportunistic infections, and an increased prevalence of antiretroviral drug resistance. The virologic and clinical consequences of treatment within these multiple ethnic and behavioral groups are poorly understood, highlighting the need for efficient surveillance strategies that are able to elucidate transmission networks and drug resistance patterns.

Racial residential segregation and adverse birth outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Rationale: Persistent racial disparities in adverse birth outcomes are not fully explained by individual-level risk factors. Racial residential segregation-degree to which two or more groups live apart from one another-may contribute to the etiology of these birth outcome disparities. Our aim was to assess associations between segregation and adverse birth outcomes by race.

Anemia in older persons: etiology and evaluation.

The aim of this study was to prospectively determine the etiology of anemia in a cohort of community-dwelling older outpatients with a comprehensive hematologic evaluation. Participants were men and women age 65 and older with anemia as defined by World Health Organization criteria recruited from outpatient hematology clinics at Stanford Hospital and Clinics (SHC) and Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System (VAPAHCS). Each participant underwent a history and physical examination, followed by a comprehensive hematologic evaluation, which in all participants included complete blood count, red cell indices, review of the blood smear, and assessment of vitamin B12, folate, iron status and renal function.