Invasive cancer and spontaneous regression two weeks after papillomavirus infection.

Development of invasive cancer in mammals is thought to require months or years after initial events such as mutation or viral infection. Rarely, invasive cancers regress spontaneously. We show that cancers can develop and regress on a timescale of weeks, not months or years.

JYNNEOS™ effectiveness as post-exposure prophylaxis against mpox: Challenges using real-world outbreak data.

Background: JYNNEOS vaccine has been used as post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) during a mpox outbreak in New York City (NYC). Data on effectiveness are limited.

Methods: Effectiveness of a single dose of JYNNEOS vaccine administered subcutaneously ≤ 14 days as PEP for preventing mpox disease was assessed among individuals exposed to case-patients from May 22, 2022-August 24, 2022.

The Larynx is Protected from Secondary and Vertical Papillomavirus Infection in Immunocompetent Mice.

Objective: Mouse papillomavirus MmuPV1 causes both primary and secondary infections of the larynx in immunocompromised mice. Understanding lateral and vertical transmission of papillomavirus to the larynx would benefit patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). To test the hypothesis that the larynx is uniquely vulnerable to papillomavirus infection, and to further develop a mouse model of RRP, we assessed whether immunocompetent mice were vulnerable to secondary or vertical laryngeal infection with MmuPV1.

Preclinical Models of Laryngeal Papillomavirus Infection: A Scoping Review.

Objective: Laryngeal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection causes recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) and accounts for up to 25% of laryngeal cancers. Lack of satisfactory preclinical models is one reason that treatments for these diseases are limited. We sought to assess the literature describing preclinical models of laryngeal papillomavirus infection.

Frequency Changes in Terminal Alkynes Provide Strong, Sensitive, and Solvatochromic Raman Probes of Biochemical Environments.

The C≡C stretching frequencies of terminal alkynes appear in the "clear" window of vibrational spectra, so they are attractive and increasingly popular as site-specific probes in complicated biological systems like proteins, cells, and tissues. In this work, we collected infrared (IR) absorption and Raman scattering spectra of model compounds, artificial amino acids, and model proteins that contain terminal alkyne groups, and we used our results to draw conclusions about the signal strength and sensitivity to the local environment of both aliphatic and aromatic terminal alkyne C≡C stretching bands. While the IR bands of alkynyl model compounds displayed surprisingly broad solvatochromism, their absorptions were weak enough that alkynes can be ruled out as effective IR probes.

Efficacy of Topically Administered Dihydroartemisinin in Treating Papillomavirus-Induced Anogenital Dysplasia in Preclinical Mouse Models.

The artemisinin family of compounds is cytopathic in certain cancer cell lines that are positive for human papillomaviruses (HPV) and can potentially drive the regression of dysplastic lesions. We evaluated the efficacy of topical dihydroartemisinin (DHA) on cervical dysplasia and anal dysplasia in two papillomavirus mouse models: transgenic mice, which express HPV16 oncogenes; and immunodeficient NOD/SCID gamma (NSG) mice infected with papillomavirus (MmuPV1). Mice started treatment with DHA at 25 weeks of age () or 20 weeks post infection (MmuPV1-infected), when the majority of mice are known to have papillomavirus-induced low- to high-grade dysplasia.

Expanded Basal Compartment and Disrupted Barrier in Vocal Fold Epithelium Infected with Mouse Papillomavirus MmuPV1.

Laryngeal infection with low-risk human papillomaviruses can cause recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), a disease with severe effects on vocal fold epithelium resulting in impaired voice function and communication. RRP research has been stymied by limited preclinical models. We recently reported a murine model of laryngeal MmuPV1 infection and disease in immunodeficient mice.

A Novel In Vivo Model of Laryngeal Papillomavirus-Associated Disease Using Papillomavirus.

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), caused by laryngeal infection with low-risk human papillomaviruses, has devastating effects on vocal communication and quality of life. Factors in RRP onset, other than viral presence in the airway, are poorly understood. RRP research has been stalled by limited preclinical models.

Voice Handicap Index Changes After Microflap Surgery for Benign Vocal Fold Lesions Are Not Associated With Recommended Absolute Voice Rest Duration.

Purpose: Voice rest is frequently prescribed after phonosurgery, but optimal type and duration for voice outcomes have not been demonstrated. Studies to date have been characterized by heterogeneity in surgical procedures and laryngeal diagnoses. We sought to analyze the effect of recommended absolute voice rest duration on outcomes of microflap surgery for benign vocal fold lesions.

Role of Voice Therapy in Adherence to Voice Rest After Office-Based Vocal Fold Procedures.

Purpose Patients undergoing vocal fold procedures significantly reduce but often do not cease voice use during absolute postprocedure voice rest. We hypothesized that patients who completed preprocedure voice therapy would increase adherence to postprocedure voice rest. Method Eighty-six participants completed this prospective cohort study.

Impact of a pharmacist-administered deprescribing intervention on nursing home residents: a randomized controlled trial.

Unlabelled: Background Polypharmacy is prevalent among long-term care residents in Canada, with 48.4% receiving ten or more different medications and 40.7% chronically prescribed potentially inappropriate medications.

A Mouse Model of Oropharyngeal Papillomavirus-Induced Neoplasia Using Novel Tools for Infection and Nasal Anesthesia.

Human head and neck cancers that develop from the squamous cells of the oropharynx (Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinomas or OPSCC) are commonly associated with the papillomavirus infection. A papillomavirus infection-based mouse model of oropharyngeal tumorigenesis would be valuable for studying the development and treatment of these tumors. We have developed an efficient system using the mouse papillomavirus (MmuPV1) to generate dysplastic oropharyngeal lesions, including tumors, in the soft palate and the base of the tongue of two immune-deficient strains of mice.

Altered pancreas remodeling following glucose intolerance in pregnancy in mice.

Gestational diabetes mellitus increases the risk of dysglycemia postpartum, in part, due to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. However, no histological evidence exists comparing endocrine pancreas after healthy and glucose-intolerant pregnancies. This study sought to address this knowledge gap, in addition to exploring the contribution of an inflammatory environment to changes in endocrine pancreas after parturition.

Biocompatibility and Viscoelastic Properties of Injectable Resilin-Like Polypeptide and Hyaluronan Hybrid Hydrogels in Rabbit Vocal Folds.

Vocal fold scar, characterized by alterations in the lamina propria extracellular matrix, disrupts normal voice quality and function. Due to a lack of satisfactory clinical treatments, there is a need for tissue engineering strategies to restore voice. Candidate biomaterials for vocal fold tissue engineering must match the unique biomechanical and viscoelastic properties of native tissue without provoking inflammation.

A mouse model of gestational glucose intolerance through exposure to a low protein diet during fetal and neonatal development.

Key Points: Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction is hypothesized to be the significant determinant of gestational diabetes pathogenesis, however pancreatic samples from patients are scarce. This study reports a novel mouse model of gestational glucose intolerance in pregnancy, originating from previous nutrition restriction in utero, in which glucose intolerance was restricted to late gestation as is seen in human gestational diabetes. Glucose intolerance was attributed to reduced β-cell proliferation, leading to impaired gestational β-cell mass expansion in maternal endocrine pancreas, in addition to reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.

Community awareness of stroke, hypertension and modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Nkonya-Wurupong, Ghana.

Hypertension and other non-communicable diseases are growing risk factors for cardiovascular disease and stroke in lowand middle-income countries like Ghana who are experiencing the effects of rapid urbanization and globalization. Awareness and education may help reduce the population's exposure to modifiable risk-factors. A survey from a central clinic outside the city of Ho, in the Volta region investigates participants' level of awareness and education surrounding hypertension and stroke.

Magnetic resonance imaging quantification of dehydration and rehydration in vocal fold tissue layers.

Clinicians commonly recommend increased hydration to patients with voice disorders. However, effects on clinical voice outcome measures have been inconsistent. Hydration-induced change within different layers of vocal fold tissue is currently unknown.

Adherence to Universal Travel Screening in the Emergency Department During Epidemic Ebola Virus Disease.

Background: During the 2014 West African Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended that all emergency department (ED) patients undergo travel screening for risk factors of importing EVD.

Free Open Access Medical Education (FOAM) in Emergency Medicine: The Global Distribution of Users in 2016.

Introduction: Free open-access medical education (FOAM) is a collection of interactive online medical education resources-free and accessible to students, physicians and other learners. This novel approach to medical education has the potential to reach learners across the globe; however, the extent of its global uptake is unknown.

Methods: This descriptive report evaluates the 2016 web analytics data from a convenience sample of FOAM blogs and websites with a focus on emergency medicine (EM) and critical care.

The Impact of the 2008 Council of Emergency Residency Directors (CORD) Panel on Emergency Medicine Resident Diversity.

Background: In 2008, the Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Directors (CORD) developed a set of recruitment strategies designed to increase the number of under-represented minorities (URMs) in Emergency Medicine (EM) residency.

Objectives: We conducted a survey of United States (US) EM residency program directors to: describe the racial and ethnic composition of residents; ascertain whether each program had instituted CORD recruitment strategies; and identify program characteristics associated with recruitment of a high proportion of URM residents.

Methods: The survey was distributed to accredited, nonmilitary US EM residency programs during 2013.

Emergency Physicians as Good Samaritans: Survey of Frequency, Locations, Supplies and Medications.

Introduction: Little is known about the frequency and locations in which emergency physicians (EPs) are bystanders to an accident or emergency; equally uncertain is which contents of an "emergency kit" may be useful during such events. The aim of this study was to describe the frequency and locations of Good Samaritan acts by EPs and also determine which emergency kit supplies and medications were most commonly used by Good Samaritans.

Methods: We conducted an electronic survey among a convenience sample of EPs in Colorado.

Increasing Resident Diversity in an Emergency Medicine Residency Program: A Pilot Intervention With Three Principal Strategies.

Problem: Much work remains to be done to align the diversity of the health care workforce with the changing racial and ethnic backgrounds of patients, especially in the field of emergency medicine.

Approach: In academic year (AY) 2012-2013, to increase the number of underrepresented minority (URM) candidates who were interviewed and matched, the Denver Health Residency in Emergency Medicine program (DHREM) initiated a focused pilot intervention with three principal strategies: (1) a scholarship-based externship program, (2) a funded second-look event, and (3) increased involvement and visibility of URM faculty in the interview and recruitment process.

Outcomes: One year after implementation of the pilot intervention, the percentage of URMs among all applicants invited to interview at the DHREM doubled (7.