Establishing a model of peer support for pregnant persons with a substance use disorder as an innovative approach for engaging participants in the healthy brain and child development study.

The HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study, a multi-site prospective longitudinal cohort study, will examine human brain, cognitive, behavioral, social, and emotional development beginning prenatally and planned through early childhood. The goal is to recruit over 7000 caregiver-child dyads across the United States, with 25 % of the study population comprising children exposed in utero to substances to better understanding the effects of prenatal substance exposure on fetal and child development. However, barriers of mistrust for pregnant persons who are substance involved can create challenges to recruiting and retaining this population.

Capturing the complexity of child behavior and caregiver-child interactions in the HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study using a rigorous and equitable approach.

The HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study, a multi-site prospective longitudinal cohort study, will examine human brain, cognitive, behavioral, social, and emotional development beginning prenatally and planned through early childhood. This article outlines methodological considerations and the decision-making process for measurement selection for child behavior, parenting/caregiver-child interactions, and the family/home environment for HBCD. The decision-making process is detailed, including formation of a national workgroup (WG-BEH) that focused on developmentally appropriate measures that take a rigorous and equitable approach and aligned with HBCD objectives.

The HEALthy Brain and Child Development Study (HBCD) experience: Recruiting and retaining diverse families in a longitudinal, multi-method early childhood study.

The HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study, a multi-site prospective longitudinal cohort study, will examine human brain, cognitive, behavioral, social, and emotional development beginning prenatally and planned through early childhood. Given its aim to examine the impact of adversity and protective factors on children's outcomes, the recruitment and retention of families who have a wide diversity in experiences are essential. However, the unfortunate history of inequitable treatment of underrepresented families in research and the risks with which some participants will contend (e.

Personalized Mobile Health-Enhanced Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for Maternal Distress: Examining the Moderating Role of Adverse Childhood Experiences.

Background: Maternal history of trauma is a risk factor for distress during pregnancy. The purpose of this paper was to examine the theorized differential impact of a cognitive behavioral intervention (Mothers and Babies Personalized; MB-P) on maternal distress and emotional regulation for those with ≥ 1 adverse childhood experiences (ACEs; vs no ACEs) from pregnancy to 3 months postpartum.

Methods: Between August 2019 and August 2021, eligible pregnant individuals aged ≥ 18 years, < 22 weeks' gestation, and English-speaking were recruited from 6 university-affiliated prenatal clinics.

How penalizing substance use in pregnancy affects treatment and research: a qualitative examination of researchers' perspectives.

Introduction: Laws regulating substance use in pregnancy are changing and may have unintended consequences on scientific efforts to address the opioid epidemic. Yet, how these laws affect care and research is poorly understood.

Methods: We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews using purposive and snowball sampling of researchers who have engaged pregnant people experiencing substance use.

Developmental Trajectories of Irritability across the Transition to Toddlerhood: Associations with Effortful Control and Psychopathology.

Preschool-age irritability is a transdiagnostic marker of internalizing and externalizing problems. However, researchers have generally been reluctant to examine irritability within a clinically salient framework at younger ages due to some instability during the "terrible twos" period. Developmentally sensitive and dense measurements to capture intra- and inter-individual variability, as well as exploration of developmental processes that predict change, are needed.

Parenting Among Women in Methadone Treatment: Contributions of Mental Health Problems and Violence Exposure.

The aim of the current study is to explore factors associated with quality of parenting among women in treatment for opioid use disorders. 150 Black American women with 3-5 year old children were recruited through methadone treatment programs. Parenting representations were assessed through the Working Model of the Child Interview and parenting behavior through video recordings of mother-child interaction.

Lability of prenatal stress during the COVID-19 pandemic links to negative affect in infancy.

The association between prenatal stress and children's socioemotional development is well established. The COVID-19 pandemic has been a particularly stressful period, which may impact the gestational environment. However, most studies to-date have examined prenatal stress at a single time point, potentially masking the natural variation in stress that occurs over time, especially during a time as uncertain as the pandemic.

Associations between parenting representations and behavior among young mothers and mothers with opioid use disorder.

Mothers' representations reflect how they experience their child and their relationship, and can guide parenting behavior. While studies of representations typically focus on infancy, this study examines associations between mothers' representations and behavior with their preschoolers using two samples: young mothers (n = 201; 42% African American, 42% Latina, 8% European-American, 8% multi-ethnic; M  = 32 months) and mothers in treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD; n = 150; 100% African American; M  = 49 months). This study aims to identify the distribution of representations within these populations, differences in parenting between mothers classified with balanced and non-balanced representations, and distinct parenting behaviors associated with distorted and disengaged representations.

A longitudinal investigation of young mothers' prenatal attachment, depressive symptoms, and early parenting behaviour.

Objectives: This study explores whether young, low-income mothers' prenatal attachment to their infants is related to attachment and parenting behaviour postnatally.

Background: A small literature has documented continuity in maternal attachment from pregnancy to postpartum and shown that early maternal attachment is associated with positive parenting behaviour. Less is known about whether prenatal attachment has a unique impact on parenting behaviour, or if it is primarily a step in the development of postnatal attachment, which in turn influences parenting.

Statewide Real-Time Tracking of Beds and Ventilators During Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Beyond.

This brief report describes the rapid deployment of a real-time electronic tracking board for all hospitals in the state of Oregon. In preparation for the coronavirus disease 2019 surge on hospital resources, and in collaboration across health systems, with health authorities and an industry partner, we combined existing infrastructures to create the first automated tracking board for our entire state, including bed types by health system and geographic area, and with granularity to the individual unit level for each participating hospital. At the time of submission, we have a live snapshot of 87% of beds in the state, including real-time ventilator data across eight health systems.

Young First-Time Mothers' Parenting of Infants: The Role of Depression and Social Support.

Objectives: This study examines the contributions of social support and depressive symptoms on sensitive parenting behaviors, parenting attitudes and parenting stress among first-time young mothers. Additionally, the study tests the moderating role of depression in associations between various types and sources of social support and parenting outcomes.

Methods: Young (M = 17.

Correction to: Randomized Controlled Trial of Doula-Home-Visiting Services: Impact on Maternal and Infant Health.

The article "Randomized Controlled Trial of Doula-Home-Visiting Services: Impact on Maternal and Infant Health", written by Sydney L. Hans, Renee C. Edwards and Yudong Zhang, was originally published electronically on the publisher's internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on 31 May 2018 without open access.

Randomized Controlled Trial of Doula-Home-Visiting Services: Impact on Maternal and Infant Health.

Introduction Although home-visiting programs typically engage families during pregnancy, few studies have examined maternal and child health outcomes during the antenatal and newborn period and fewer have demonstrated intervention impacts. Illinois has developed an innovative model in which programs utilizing evidence-based home-visiting models incorporate community doulas who focus on childbirth education, breastfeeding, pregnancy health, and newborn care. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) examines the impact of doula-home-visiting on birth outcomes, postpartum maternal and infant health, and newborn care practices.

Prenatal Depressive Symptoms and Toddler Behavior Problems: The Role of Maternal Sensitivity and Child Sex.

Increasing evidence suggests that maternal depression during pregnancy is associated with child behavioral outcomes even after accounting for later maternal depression. The purpose of this study was to examine various mechanisms, including maternal sensitivity, neonatal problems, and concurrent maternal depression, that might explain the association between prenatal maternal depressive symptoms and toddler behavior problems. Young, low income, African American mothers (n = 196) were interviewed during pregnancy and at 24-months postpartum, medical records were collected at the birth, and mother-child interactions were video-recorded at 24 months.

Tension-Free Vaginal Tape Failure After Robotic Sacrocolpopexy and Tension-Free Vaginal Tape for Concomitant Prolapse and Stress Incontinence.

Objective: Evidence of surgical cure with tension free vaginal tape (TVT) is robust for isolated stress urinary incontinence, but rigorous studies investigating combined prolapse and incontinence are lacking. Our study measured cure of stress incontinence in concomitant robotic sacrocolpopexy and retropubic sling (TVT). We hypothesized a higher rate of objective failure as measured by the cough stress test (CST) compared to failures reported in recent randomized trials of TVT in patients without prolapse (aggregate 8% failure).

Infant risk factors associated with internalizing, externalizing, and co-occurring behavior problems in young children.

The purpose of the current study was to examine the unique and interactive contributions of infant negative emotionality and family risk factors in the development of internalizing-only, externalizing-only, and co-occurring behavior problems in early childhood. The sample included 412 infants and their primary caregivers. Interviews and temperament assessments took place when infants were 5-7 months old, and primary caregivers completed child behavior ratings at ages 2 1/2 and 5 years.

The association of breastfeeding initiation with sensitivity, cognitive stimulation, and efficacy among young mothers: a propensity score matching approach.

Objective: This study examined the association between breastfeeding initiation and maternal sensitivity, efficacy, and cognitive stimulation among young, low-income, African American mothers.

Subjects And Methods: Two hundred twenty-one mothers were interviewed during pregnancy, at birth, and at 4 months postpartum regarding breastfeeding and parenting. Medical records were collected after birth, and mother-infant interactions were videotaped at 4 months.

Breastfeeding and complementary food: randomized trial of community doula home visiting.

Objectives: Despite recent efforts to increase breastfeeding, young African American mothers continue to breastfeed at low rates, and commonly introduce complementary foods earlier than recommended. This study examines the effects of a community doula home visiting intervention on infant feeding practices among young mothers.

Methods: Low-income, African American mothers (n = 248) under age 22 years participated in a randomized trial of a community doula intervention.

Supportive relationships and the trajectory of depressive symptoms among young, African American mothers.

The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine changes in young mothers' depressive symptoms from pregnancy through the first two postpartum years and how supportive relationships with key individuals were related to mothers' depressive symptoms over time. Data were collected from young, low-income African American mothers (N = 248) during pregnancy and at 4, 12, and 24 months postpartum. Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) analyses revealed that depressive symptoms were highest during pregnancy and declined through 24 months postpartum.

Mesh erosion in robotic sacrocolpopexy.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the incidence of mesh erosion after robotic sacrocolpopexy between women undergoing total and those undergoing supracervical hysterectomy (SH).

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of women who underwent sacrocolpopexy and concomitant hysterectomy using the DaVinci surgical robot between May 2007 and December 2010 at 2 sites. Baseline data were gathered before surgery.

The presacral space and its impact on sacral neuromodulator implantation.

Purpose: We describe the presacral space and its potential impact on sacral neuromodulator implantation and bowel injury.

Materials And Methods: Parasagittal images containing bilateral sacral foramina (S2-S4) were examined on 45 pelvic magnetic resonance images. Images were excluded from analysis if they were poor quality or had any history causing distortion of normal anatomy.

Reoperation 10 years after surgically managed pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence.

Objective: This study measured the 10-year risk of reoperation for surgically treated pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence (POPUI) in a community population.

Study Design: We conducted a prospective cohort analysis of 374 women who were > 20 years old and who underwent surgery for POPUI in 1995.

Results: The 10-year reoperation rate was 17% by Kaplan Meier analysis.

Validating a clinical measure of levator hiatus size.

Objective: We evaluate the interrater reliability of levator hiatus (LH) size and correlate size to other measures of muscle function.

Study Design: Participants were examined independently by 2 examiners. During maximal contraction of the levator ani, the muscle was assessed by using Brink's scale.