Racial and Ethnic Disparities, Referral Source and Attrition From Outpatient Substance Use Disorder Treatment Among Adolescents in the United States.

The following study examined the association between race, ethnicity, referral source, and reasons for attrition from substance use treatment in a sample of 72,643 discharges of adolescent youth in the United States from 2014 to 2016. Black and Hispanic adolescents were more likely to be discharged due to incarceration and termination by the facility compared to White adolescents. Adolescents referred by probation, diversion, other juvenile justice organizations, health care providers, community agencies, and individual referrals were significantly more likely to be discharged due to incarceration and terminated by the treatment facility compared to youth who were referred by schools.

Patterns of gambling and substance use initiation in African American and White adolescents and young adults.

The focus of the current investigation is to examine the temporal relationship of gambling onset and alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis initiation in adolescents and young adults ( age = 20.3 years) by examining the prevalence and pattern of onset for each substance and gambling pairing and the associated risk between gambling and each substance use. Data were drawn from the multiwave Missouri Family Study ( = 1,349) of African American (AA; = 450) and White families ( = 317) enriched for risk for alcohol use disorder and includes those who were assessed for gambling behaviors and problems: AA (360 males, 390 females) and White (287 males, 312 females).

Does the Andersen Behavioral Model of Health Services Use predict college students' use of on-campus mental health services?

10-50% of college students meet the diagnostic criteria for one or more mental illnesses; unfortunately, less than half seek treatment. This study assessed the predictive power of specific variables on students' use of on-campus mental health resources using the American College Health Association's National College Health Assessment (ACHA-NCHA) II. Respondents included undergraduate and graduate students ages 18-35 years ( = 96,121).

Risk Factors Associated With Gambling Involvement among a National Sample of African American and European American Young Adults.

In the current research, we examined the association of key risk and protective factors for gambling involvement from the domains of family environment, conduct problems/delinquency, substance use, and depressive psychopathology in a nationally representative sample. The sample was comprised of 13,291 young adults (ages 18-26; Meanage = 22.8) self-identifying as European American (n=9,939) or African American (n=3,335) who participated in Wave III (n = 15,170) of the restricted-use National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health.

Stress, stressors, and substance use: Differential risk for hookah use among African American college students.

Using differential, multivariable risk models, we assessed the contribution of substance use and stress/traumatic events to hookah use among African American college students ( = 1,402) using data from the Fall 2012 American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment (ACHA-NCHA) II. Lifetime hookah use was 24.8%, with 34.

The Impact of Traumatic Experiences on Risky Sexual Behaviors in Black and White Young Adult Women.

Background: Trauma exposure has been linked to risky sexual behavior (RSB), but few studies have examined the impact of distinct trauma types on RSB in one model or how the association with trauma and RSB may differ across race.

Purpose: The objective of the current study was to examine the contribution of trauma exposure types to RSB-substance-related RSB and partner-related RSB identified through factor analysis-in young Black and White adult women.

Methods: We investigated the associations of multiple trauma types and RSB factor scores in participants from a general population sample of young adult female twins (n = 2,948).

Factors Associated with Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Status at U.S. Colleges and Universities.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates remain low, but college student vaccination could offset this trend. This study identifies characteristics that could enhance HPV vaccination among U.S.

Hookah and Cigarette Smoking Among African American College Students: Implications for Campus Risk Reduction And Health Promotion Efforts.

Objective: To identify individual and institutional risks and protections for hookah and cigarette smoking among African American (AA) college students.

Participants: AA college students (N = 1,402; mean age = 20, range = 18-24 years; 75% female) who completed the Fall 2012 American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II.

Methods: Respondents were stratified into 4 mutually exclusive groups by last-30-day smoking status: cigarette-only use (5.

Gambling behavior and problems among older adults: a systematic review of empirical studies.

Objectives: With the rapid aging of the population and the increased availability of gambling facilities over the past three decades, older adults may gamble more and may be increasingly at risk for problem gambling (PG) or pathological gambling disorder (PGD). To facilitate a better understanding of gambling behavior among older adults that will inform preventive strategies, this article systematically examined empirical studies on issues related to older adults' gambling.

Method: This article reviewed 75 empirical studies including data on the distribution and determinants of PG and PGD and the outcomes of gambling.

Substance use and mental health disorders among heterosexual identified men and women who have same-sex partners or same-sex attraction: results from the national epidemiological survey on alcohol and related conditions.

This study examined sexual orientation discordance, a mismatch between self-reported sexual identity and sexual behavior or sexual attraction, by describing the characteristics, substance use disorders, and mental health risks of heterosexual identified individuals who endorsed this pattern of sexual identification, behavior, and attraction. Using data from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), we created three groups based on participants' reported sexual identity and either their sexual behavior or sexual attraction: heterosexual concordant, homosexual concordant, and heterosexual discordant. Bivariate models assessed the relationship of discordant status and demographic correlates, lifetime substance use disorders, and mental health diagnoses.

Differential item functioning of pathological gambling criteria: an examination of gender, race/ethnicity, and age.

This study tested for the presence of differential item functioning (DIF) in DSM-IV Pathological Gambling Disorder (PGD) criteria based on gender, race/ethnicity and age. Using a nationally representative sample of adults from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), indicating current gambling (n = 10,899), Multiple Indicator-Multiple Cause (MIMIC) models tested for DIF, controlling for income, education, and marital status. Compared to the reference groups (i.

Volunteerism among homeless persons with developmental disabilities.

People with developmental disabilities have been historically excluded from mainstream society. Using the strength-based perspective, volunteerism was explored among homeless persons with self-reported developmental disabilities. It was hypothesized that volunteerism would be associated with indicators of healthy community integration.

An empirical typology of lifetime and current gambling behaviors: association with health status of older adults.

Purpose: Despite the low prevalence of gambling problems, older adults experience poorer health status given certain vulnerabilities associated with aging. Thus, we aimed to classify lifetime (LPG) and current (CPG) problem gambling patterns, identify determinants of gambling patterns, and examine their association with current health status.

Methods: Using older adult gamblers (n = 489) in the Gambling Impact and Behavior Study, Latent Class Analysis classified LPG and CPG subgroups based on 10 DSM-IV criteria: preoccupation, tolerance, withdrawal, loss of control, escape, chasing losses, lying, illegal acts, relationship impairment and financial bailout.

The capacity to give informed consent in a homeless population with developmental disabilities.

This study examined homeless persons with developmental disabilities and their ability to understand the informed consent process for research using a capacity-to-consent screener. Bivariate associations with the inability to pass the screener on the first attempt were noted with three factors: an eighth grade or less in education, chronic homelessness, and mental retardation diagnosis. With multiple regression, the only outcome associated with inability to pass the screener on the first attempt was an eighth grade or less education.

Towards DSM-V: considering other withdrawal-like symptoms of pathological gambling disorder.

Despite clinical reports of other withdrawal-like symptoms, the DSM-IV considers only restlessness/irritability as a withdrawal-like criterion comprising pathological gambling disorder (PGD). We explored whether this criterion should be broadened to include other gambling withdrawal-like symptoms.Community-recruited adult gamblers (n = 312) participated in telephone interviews about gambling and related behaviors as a part of a larger psychometric study.

The association between gambling pathology and personality disorders.

Research supports increased risk of problem gambling (PG) and pathological gambling disorder (PGD) among individuals with substance abuse/dependence and psychiatric disorders, but studies considering personality disorder comorbidity have not adjusted for confounding relationships with other Axis I disorders. Using targeted advertising, we enrolled 153 gamblers (55% female; 32% minority; Mean age=47; SD=18.2) in a clinical validation study of the newly developed computerized gambling assessment module (C-GAM).

A Latent Class Analysis (LCA) of problem gambling among a sample of community-recruited gamblers.

Problem gambling rates are relatively low (2%-4%), yet these gamblers experience multisystemic negative consequences, high comorbidity, and low treatment utilization. We aimed to characterize variations in gambling patterns to inform prevention and intervention efforts. Using community advertising, we recruited a diverse sample of lifetime gamblers (n = 312) for telephone interviews for a psychometric study of the newly developed Computerized-Gambling Assessment Module.

Racial/ethnic variation in the reliability of DSM-IV pathological gambling disorder.

Racial/ethnic disparities in mental disorders, including pathological gambling disorder (PGD), may be either real or artifacts of how they are conceptualized and measured. We aimed to assess racial/ethnic variation in the reliability of self-reported lifetime PGD determined by meeting > or = 5 criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Using community advertising, we recruited 15-85-year-old Caucasians (n = 225) and African (American/other minorities (n = 87), who had gambled more than 5 times lifetime), for 2 interviews, held 1 week apart, about gambling and associated behaviors.

Problem gambling and violence among community-recruited female substance abusers.

Problem gambling (PG) may be associated with depression, victimization, and violence characterizing a substance-abusing lifestyle. The study explored associations of PG with these correlates among heavy-drinking and drug-using out-of-treatment women recently enrolled in 2 National Institutes of Health-funded, community-based HIV prevention trials. Female substance abusers with PG (n = 180) and without PG (NPG; n = 425) were examined according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.

Multicenter investigation of the opioid antagonist nalmefene in the treatment of pathological gambling.

Objective: Pathological gambling is a disabling disorder experienced by approximately 1%-2% of adults and for which there are few empirically validated treatments. The authors examined the efficacy and tolerability of the opioid antagonist nalmefene in the treatment of adults with pathological gambling.

Method: A 16-week, randomized, dose-ranging, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at 15 outpatient treatment centers across the United States between March 2002 and April 2003.

Prevalence and predictors of pathological gambling: results from the St. Louis personality, health and lifestyle (SLPHL) study.

Objectives: We report the prevalence of and risk and protective factors for DSM-IV sub-threshold gambling (1-4 criteria) and pathological gambling disorder (PGD; 5-10 criteria) in a non-clinical household sample of St. Louis area gamblers.

Methods: Of the 7689 individuals contacted via Random Digit Dialing, 3292 were screened eligible.

A multistate trial of pharmacy syringe purchase.

Pharmacies are a potential site for access to sterile syringes as a means for preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but the type and extent of their utility is uncertain. To examine pharmacy syringe purchase, we conducted a standardized, multistate study in urban and rural areas of four states in which attempts to purchase syringes were documented. Of 1,600 overall purchase attempts, 35% were refused.

Is there a progression from abuse disorders to dependence disorders?

Background: Recent studies suggest that a progression occurs from alcohol abuse to alcohol dependence. Although DSM-IV criteria for all substance use-related diagnoses are based largely on the alcohol dependence syndrome, progression from abuse to dependence might not generalize to other substances.

Aims: This study tested whether a progression from DSM-IV abuse to dependence occurs related to the use of cannabis, cocaine and opiates.