Sleep Apnea and Chronic Kidney Disease: A State-of-the-Art Review.

Patients with chronic kidney disease have increased morbidity and mortality, mainly due to cardiovascular disease. Compared with the general population, patients with chronic kidney disease have an increased prevalence of both OSA and central sleep apnea, and the presence of sleep apnea in this population has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. Although OSA can lead to an increase in the rate of kidney function decline, there is also evidence that the presence of end-stage renal disease can lead to worsening of sleep apnea, indicating a bidirectional relation between sleep apnea and chronic kidney disease.

The effect of short duration low back vibration on pain developed during prolonged standing.

The purpose of this study was to determine if vibration, a potential method of pain management, applied to the low back could alleviate pain developed during prolonged standing. Eighteen healthy individuals participated in a 2.5-h standing task during which vibration (3-min duration) was applied at the 2-h and 2.