Breast cancers originating from the major lactiferous ducts and the process of neoductgenesis: Ductal Adenocarcinoma of the Breast, DAB.

Purpose: To call attention to a highly fatal breast cancer subtype arising from the major lactiferous ducts that is currently underdiagnosed as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) with or without microinvasion.

Method: All breast cancers diagnosed at the Department of Mammography, Falun Central Hospital, Sweden, since 1977 have been classified according to their mammographic tumour features (imaging biomarkers) and followed up at regular intervals for the past four decades. The imaging biomarkers characteristic of breast cancers apparently arising from the major lactiferous ducts have been correlated with large format thin and thick section histopathology and long-term patient outcome.

Precision Science on Incidence and Progression of Early-Detected Small Breast Invasive Cancers by Mammographic Features.

The aim was to evaluate how the inter-screening interval affected the performance of screening by mammographic appearances. This was a Swedish retrospective screening cohort study with information on screening history and mammography features in two periods (1977-1985 and 1996-2010). The pre-clinical incidence and the mean sojourn time (MST) for small breast cancer allowing for sensitivity by mammographic appearances were estimated.

Impact of different types of organ failure on outcome in intensive care unit patients with acute kidney injury.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the impact of different types of associated organ failure in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis of 22 303 adult patients admitted to 22 intensive care units (ICUs) in the United Kingdom and Germany between 1989 and 1999 was done.

Results: A total of 7898 patients (35.

Correlation between parameters at initiation of renal replacement therapy and outcome in patients with acute kidney injury.

Introduction: Renal replacement therapy (RRT) is a fully established treatment for critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) but there are no scientifically established criteria when to initiate it. Our objectives were to describe the epidemiology of critically ill patients with AKI receiving RRT and to evaluate the relationship between biochemical, physiological and comorbid factors at time of RRT and ICU mortality.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of demographic and physiologic data of 1,847 patients who received RRT for AKI in 22 ICUs in UK and Germany between 1989 - 1999.

Black renal transplant recipients have poorer long-term graft survival than CYP3A5 expressers from other ethnic groups.

Background: African American transplant recipients have poorer long-term outcomes than Caucasian Americans. This difference was not found in French patients, suggesting socialized medicine overcame this disparity. It has also been hypothesized that the difference relates to the higher prevalence of Black individuals who express the metabolic enzyme cytochrome P4503A5 (CYP3A5), with consequent altered handling of immunosuppressive drugs.

Acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit according to RIFLE.

Objectives: To apply the RIFLE criteria "risk," "injury," and "failure" for severity of acute kidney injury to patients admitted to the intensive care unit and to evaluate the significance of other prognostic factors.

Design: Retrospective analysis of the Riyadh Intensive Care Program database.

Setting: Riyadh Intensive Care Unit Program database of 41,972 patients admitted to 22 intensive care units in the United Kingdom and Germany between 1989 and 1999.

Retroperitoneoscopic live donor nephrectomy in a patient with a double inferior vena cava.

Background: Vascular anomalies are considered a contraindication for laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy. We report a successful hand-assisted retroperitoneoscopic live donor nephrectomy from a donor with a double inferior vena cava.

Materials And Methods: A 37-year-old woman wanted to donate a kidney to her 44-year-old boyfriend who had hypertensive nephropathy.

Panning for gold: screening for potential live kidney donors.

Background: Living donation is one method of addressing the gulf between supply and demand for kidney transplants. However, few manage to complete the extensive work up procedure. This study reviews the reasons for failure to complete the live donor renal assessment and suggests options, which may improve the situation.