Correspondence between the Simple Physical Activity Questionnaire (SIMPAQ) and accelerometer-based physical activity in inpatients treated for major depressive disorders in comparison to non-depressed controls.

Introduction: Major depressive disorders (MDD) are a leading health concern worldwide. While first line medication treatments may fall short of desired therapeutic outcomes, physical activity (PA) interventions appear to be a promising and cost-effective add-on to improve symptoms of depression. This study aimed to address challenges in the assessment of PA in inpatients treated for MDD by examining the correspondence of self-reported and accelerometer-based PA.

Ambulatory Assessment for Physical Activity Research: State of the Science, Best Practices and Future Directions.

Technological and digital progress benefits physical activity (PA) research. Here we compiled expert knowledge on how Ambulatory Assessment (AA) is utilized to advance PA research, i.e.

Stress-buffering effects of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness on metabolic syndrome: A prospective study in police officers.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a worldwide health concern related to cardiovascular disease. Stress at work increases the risk for MetS, whereas physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness (CF) have been shown to be potential buffers against stress. The aim of this study was to test the stress-buffering effects of physical activity and CF on the relationship between work stress and MetS.

Does Cardiorespiratory Fitness Buffer Stress Reactivity and Stress Recovery in Police Officers? A Real-Life Study.

High levels of cardiorespiratory fitness have the potential to buffer against physical and mental health impairments, which can result from exposure to occupational stress. Police officers are especially at risk of high psychosocial stress; therefore, effective intervention strategies are warranted. Given this background, the purpose of the present study was to examine whether police officers with different levels of cardiorespiratory fitness differ with regard to their (a) physiological stress reactivity during acute real-life stress situations, and (b) physiological recovery related to acute and chronic work stress.

Association between cardiorespiratory fitness and social cognition in healthy adults.

Purpose: Whereas there is compelling evidence for an association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and executive function and attention, its relation with social cognition has not been investigated yet. However, social cognition is linked with mental health and career success in jobs with high demands on social interaction. The present study aims to examine the association between CRF and the facial emotion recognition aspect of social cognition in police officers.

Psychometric Properties and Convergent Validity of the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure in Two German-Speaking Samples of Adult Workers and Police Officers.

Burnout is considered an occupation-related psychological syndrome consisting of emotional, physical, and cognitive exhaustion. To assess dimensions of burnout, the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMB) is widely used, but its validity and reliability have rarely been examined in adult samples. The aim of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the German version of the SMB in two independent samples of adults.

Does Cardiorespiratory Fitness Moderate the Association between Occupational Stress, Cardiovascular Risk, and Mental Health in Police Officers?

Chronic exposure to occupational stress may lead to negative health consequences. Creating less stressful work environments and making employees physically and psychologically more resilient against stress are therefore two major public health concerns. This study examined whether cardiorespiratory fitness moderated the association between occupational stress, cardiovascular risk, and mental health.

Further Evidence of the Zero-Association Between Symptoms of Insomnia and Facial Emotion Recognition-Results From a Sample of Adults in Their Late 30s.

Restoring sleep is associated with favorable cognitive, emotional, and behavioral adaptations. As regards the association between sleep duration and facial emotion recognition (FER), results are conflicting, and as regards the association between symptoms of insomnia and FER, no study has been performed so far. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether subjective sleep was associated with FER, along with perceived stress and mental toughness.

When Low Leisure-Time Physical Activity Meets Unsatisfied Psychological Needs: Insights From a Stress-Buffer Perspective.

Few studies have tested whether the stress-buffering effects of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) depend on other resources, such as the satisfaction of basic psychological needs. Therefore, the present study examines the interaction between perceived stress, LTPA and psychological need satisfaction (PNS) on occupational burnout symptoms in a sample of Swiss workers. The sample consisted of 306 employees (48% women; = 42.

The utility of two interview-based physical activity questionnaires in healthy young adults: Comparison with accelerometer data.

Background: Accurate assessment of physical activity is essential to determine the magnitude of the health-related benefits of regular physical activity. While physical activity questionnaires are easy to use, their accuracy in comparison to objective measures has been questioned. The purpose of the present study was to examine the utility of two interview-based questionnaires; a recently-developed instrument, the Simple Physical Activity Questionnaire (SIMPAQ), and the Seven Day-Physical Activity Recall (7DPAR).

Psychometric properties of the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM) among adolescents: results from three cross-sectional studies.

Background: Burnout has long been understood as work-related physical, emotional, and cognitive exhaustion. However, burnout symptoms can also be found among younger people, including school-aged adolescents. While the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM) is a widely applied instrument, its psychometric properties have not yet been investigated in adolescent populations.

STOCHASTIC SOLUTIONS FOR FRACTIONAL WAVE EQUATIONS.

A fractional wave equation replaces the second time derivative by a Caputo derivative of order between one and two. In this paper, we show that the fractional wave equation governs a stochastic model for wave propagation, with deterministic time replaced by the inverse of a stable subordinator whose index is one half the order of the fractional time derivative.

Reviving the dinosaur: virtual reconstruction and three-dimensional printing of a dinosaur vertebra.

Purpose: To demonstrate the feasibility of using computed tomography (CT) to confirm the identity of an unprepared fossil and to use the CT dataset to separate the fossilized bone from its surrounding sediment matrix and produce a three-dimensional (3D) print.

Materials And Methods: The examined object was a plaster jacket containing an unprepared fossil. CT was performed with a 320-section multidetector unit.

Macrocyclic contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging of chronic myocardial infarction: intraindividual comparison of gadobutrol and gadoterate meglumine.

Objectives: To compare 0.15 mmol/kg gadobutrol for late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging of chronic myocardial infarction with a relaxivity-adjusted dose of gadoterate meglumine (Gd-DOTA).

Methods: Seventeen patients with suspected chronic myocardial infarction underwent LGE imaging at 1.

Gadobutrol for magnetic resonance imaging of chronic myocardial infarction: intraindividual comparison with gadopentetate dimeglumine.

Objectives: To compare 0.15 mmol/kg gadobutrol with 0.20 mmol/kg gadopentetate dimeglumine with regard to late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) of infarcted myocardium at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.

A signal-inducing bone cement for magnetic resonance imaging-guided spinal surgery based on hydroxyapatite and polymethylmethacrylate.

The aim of this study was to develop a signal-inducing bone cement for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided cementoplasty of the spine. This MRI cement would allow precise and controlled injection of cement into pathologic lesions of the bone. We mixed conventional polymethylmethacrylate bone cement (PMMA; 5 ml methylmethacrylate and 12 g polymethylmethacrylate) with hydroxyapatite (HA) bone substitute (2-4 ml) and a gadolinium-based contrast agent (CA; 0-60 μl).

Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage under real-time MRI guidance: initial experience in an animal model.

Aims: To assess percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage (PTCD) under real-time MRI-guidance and compare it to procedures performed under fluoroscopy.

Methods: We developed an in vitro model for MRI-guided and conventional PTCD, using an animal organ set including liver and bile ducts placed in an MRI-compatible box and tested it in a 1.0-Tesla open MRI-scanner.

Age and gender-dependent bone density changes of the human skull disclosed by high-resolution flat-panel computed tomography.

Introduction: The objective of this article was to estimate the age at death in forensic or anthropologic applications based on human skull investigation. Sex-dependent differences were analyzed.

Methods: Digital, high-resolution, flat-panel-based volumetric computed tomography (eXplore Locus Ultra scanner) images (165,920) of 244 European human skulls-163 males, 81 females-were analyzed according to their radiological bone density, based on Hounsfield units (H) that are directly related to the x-ray attenuation of the scanned material.

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in dilated cardiomyopathy in adults--towards identification of myocardial inflammation.

Objective: To assess active myocardial inflammation by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) amongst adult patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).

Methods: We evaluated 23 adults with chronic DCM, who had successfully undergone both CMR and EMB within 3.5 ± 2.

High-resolution flat-panel volumetric CT images show no correlation between human age and sagittal suture obliteration--independent of sex.

This study investigated whether digital, high-resolution CT-images of the internal human sagittal suture structure include information that enables a novel method of age at death (aad) determination. To accomplish this, coronal, flat-panel-based volumetric computed tomography (eXplore Locus Ultra scanner) images were automatically analyzed by a software implementation of an algorithm that determines user independent whether a suture is open or closed. 29,205 images of the local vicinity of the sagittal suture of 164 males and 85 females of European descent were investigated separately for both sexes.

Development of a signal-inducing bone cement for magnetic resonance imaging.

Purpose: To develop a signal-inducing bone cement for musculoskeletal procedures in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials And Methods: Acrylic resins were mixed with contrast agents (CAs) and water. We determined the ideal concentration of the components and assessed feasibility in cadaveric bones in an open high-field MR scanner.

Stochastic calculus for uncoupled continuous-time random walks.

The continuous-time random walk (CTRW) is a pure-jump stochastic process with several applications not only in physics but also in insurance, finance, and economics. A definition is given for a class of stochastic integrals driven by a CTRW, which includes the Itō and Stratonovich cases. An uncoupled CTRW with zero-mean jumps is a martingale.

Osteochondral lesions of the talus: retrograde drilling with high-field-strength MR guidance.

The institutional review board approved the use of cadaveric specimens, and informed consent was obtained from all volunteers. The authors performed and assessed a magnetic resonance (MR)-assisted navigation method for minimally invasive retrograde drilling of talar osteochondral lesions. For this method, a single imaging plane is sufficient for navigation during intervention.