Preventing Peer Violence Against Children: Methods and Baseline Data of a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial in Pakistan.

Background: Violence against and among children is a global public health problem that annually affects 50% of youth worldwide with major impacts on child development, education, and health including increased probability of major causes of morbidity and mortality in adulthood. It is also associated with the experience of and perpetration of later violence against women. The aim of this article is to describe the intervention, study design, methods, and baseline findings of a cluster randomized controlled trial underway in Pakistan to evaluate a school-based play intervention aiming to reduce peer violence and enhance mental health.

Expressive writing in early breast cancer survivors.

Aims: This article is the report of a study aimed at determining whether or not expressive writing improves the quality-of-life of early breast cancer survivors. An additional aim is the investigation of whether or not the type of writing prompt makes a difference in results.

Background: The risk of distress can extend well beyond the time of a breast cancer diagnosis.

Clinical and ethical considerations in pharmacogenetic testing: views of physicians in 3 "early adopting" departments of psychiatry.

Objective: Pharmacogenetic testing for polymorphisms affecting drug response and metabolism is now clinically available, and its use in psychiatry is expected to become more widespread. Currently, few clinical and ethical standards exist for the use of these new tests. As a step toward building consensus about testing, we assessed the attitudes and practices of psychiatrists at 3 academic departments of psychiatry where pharmacogenetic testing is clinically available.

Effect of patient adherence to antiretroviral therapy on the progression of cervical dysplasia among HIV-infected women.

A case-control study was conducted that involved a retrospective chart review of 181 HIV-infected women in whom cervical dysplasia had been diagnosed to examine the association between patient adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy and the regression or stabilization of cervical dysplasia. Patient adherence to the medical regimen was evaluated using prescription refill data. Analyses of 154 case patients and 27 control patients showed that adherence to antiretroviral therapy was associated with changes in cervical dysplasia.

Houses built on sand: effects of exemplar stability on susceptibility to attitude change.

Attitude representation theory (C. G. Lord & M.

Effects of attitude action identification on congruence between attitudes and behavioral intentions toward social groups.

Attitude Representation Theory (ART) holds that attitude-relevant responses are informed by mental representations of the attitude object, which include the individual's actions toward that object. Action Identification Theory (AIT) holds that the same action can be identified at multiple levels. Individuals who identify their actions at lower levels have less flexibility in how they perform the action, and thus enact the action less consistently.