Availability of vitamin B and its lower ligand intermediate α-ribazole impact prokaryotic and protist communities in oceanic systems.

Genome analyses predict that the cofactor cobalamin (vitamin B, called B herein) is produced by only one-third of all prokaryotes but almost all encode at least one B-dependent enzyme, in most cases methionine synthase. This implies that the majority of prokaryotes relies on exogenous B supply and interacts with producers. B consists of a corrin ring centred around a cobalt ion and the lower ligand 5'6-dimethylbenzimidazole (DMB).

Metabolites of the anaerobic degradation of diethyl ether by denitrifying betaproteobacterium strain HxN1.

The constitutions of five metabolites formed during co-metabolic, anaerobic degradation of diethyl ether by the denitrifying betaproteobacterium Aromatoleum sp. strain HxN1 were elucidated by comparison of mass spectrometric and gas chromatographic data with those of synthetic reference standards. Furthermore, the absolute configurations of two stereogenic centers in the metabolites were established.

Six new species of from Europe and notes about and other species found in spp. hosts.

Several new specimens were collected from various locations in Mediterranean and temperate Europe. A collection of the type species, , was obtained from dead leaves of in Berlin. Sequences of four genetic markers, ITS, 28S rDNA, tef1 and tub2 were produced from almost all collections and analyzed with those available in public databases.

Stereochemical Insights into the Anaerobic Degradation of 4-Isopropylbenzoyl-CoA in the Denitrifying Bacterium Strain pCyN1.

The constitutions and absolute configurations of two previously unknown intermediates, (1S,2S,4S)-2-hydroxy-4-isopropylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate and (S)-3-isopropylpimelate, of anaerobic degradation of p-cymene in the bacterium Aromatoleum aromaticum pCyN1 are reported. These intermediates (as CoA esters) are involved in the further degradation of 4-isopropylbenzoyl-CoA formed by methyl group hydroxylation and subsequent oxidation of p-cymene. Proteogenomics indicated 4-isopropylbenzoyl-CoA degradation involves (i) a novel member of class I benzoyl-CoA reductase (BCR) as known from Thauera aromatica K172 and (ii) a modified β-oxidation pathway yielding 3-isopropylpimeloyl-CoA analogously to benzoyl-CoA degradation in Rhodopseudomonas palustris.

Versatile transformations of hydrocarbons in anaerobic bacteria: substrate ranges and regio- and stereo-chemistry of activation reactions.

Anaerobic metabolism of hydrocarbons proceeds either via addition to fumarate or by hydroxylation in various microorganisms, e.g., sulfate-reducing or denitrifying bacteria, which are specialized in utilizing n-alkanes or alkylbenzenes as growth substrates.

Anaerobic activation of p-cymene in denitrifying betaproteobacteria: methyl group hydroxylation versus addition to fumarate.

The betaproteobacteria "Aromatoleum aromaticum" pCyN1 and "Thauera" sp. strain pCyN2 anaerobically degrade the plant-derived aromatic hydrocarbon p-cymene (4-isopropyltoluene) under nitrate-reducing conditions. Metabolite analysis of p-cymene-adapted "A.

PPZPMs--a novel group of cyclic lipodepsipeptides produced by the Phytophthora alni associated strain Pseudomonas sp. JX090307--the missing link between the viscosin and amphisin group.

The closely related to the Pseudomonas orientalis strain Pseudomonas sp. acc. no.

Complete genome, catabolic sub-proteomes and key-metabolites of Desulfobacula toluolica Tol2, a marine, aromatic compound-degrading, sulfate-reducing bacterium.

Among the dominant deltaproteobacterial sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), members of the genus Desulfobacula are not only present in (hydrocarbon-rich) marine sediments, but occur also frequently in the anoxic water bodies encountered in marine upwelling areas. Here, we present the 5.2 Mbp genome of Desulfobacula toluolica Tol2, which is the first of an aromatic compound-degrading, marine SRB.

Anaerobic degradation of 4-methylbenzoate via a specific 4-methylbenzoyl-CoA pathway.

The pathway for anaerobic degradation of 4-methylbenzoate was studied in the denitrifying alphaproteobacterium Magnetospirillum sp. strain pMbN1. Adaptation studies with whole cells indicated substrate-dependent induction of the capacity to degrade 4-methylbenzoate.

Co-metabolic conversion of toluene in anaerobic n-alkane-degrading bacteria.

Diverse microorganisms have been described to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons anaerobically. Strains able to utilize n-alkanes do not grow with aromatic hydrocarbons, whereas strains able to utilize aromatic hydrocarbons do not grow with n-alkanes. To investigate this specificity in more detail, three anaerobic n-alkane degraders (two denitrifying, one sulfate-reducing) and eight anaerobic alkylbenzene degraders (five denitrifying, three sulfate-reducing) were incubated with mixtures of n-alkanes and toluene.