The role of time in involving patients with cancer in treatment decision making: A scoping review.

Background: Time is often perceived as a barrier to shared decision making in cancer care. It remains unclear how time functions as a barrier and how it could be most effectively utilized.

Objective: This scoping review aimed to describe the role of time in patient involvement, and identify strategies to overcome time-related barriers.

Sports-Related Health Problems in Para-Sports: A Systematic Review With Quality Assessment.

Context: Participation in sports is associated with a risk of sports-related health problems. For athletes with an impairment, sports-related health problems further burden an already restricted lifestyle, underlining the importance of prevention strategies in para-sports.

Objective: To provide a comprehensive overview with quality assessment of the literature on sports-related health problems, their etiology, and available preventive measures in para-sports following the steps of the Sequence of Prevention.

Methodological aspects of axial loading in rodents: a systematic review.

Axial loading in rodents provides a controlled setting for mechanical loading, because load and subsequent strain, frequency, number of cycles and rest insertion between cycles, are precisely defined. These methodological aspects as well as factors, such as ovariectomy, aging, and disuse may affect the outcome of the loading test, including bone mass, structure, and bone mineral density. This review aims to overview methodological aspects and modifying factors in axial loading on bone outcomes.

Factors influencing in-hospital prescribing errors: A systematic review.

Aim: In-hospital prescribing errors (PEs) may result in patient harm, prolonged hospitalization and hospital (re)admission. These events are associated with pressure on healthcare services and significant healthcare costs. To develop targeted interventions to prevent or reduce in-hospital PEs, identification and understanding of facilitating and protective factors influencing in-hospital PEs in current daily practice is necessary, adopting a Safety-II perspective.

Resilience-enhancing interventions for antepartum depressive symptoms: systematic review.

Background: Antepartum depressive symptoms (ADS) are highly prevalent and may affect the mother and child. Cognitive-behavioural therapy and interpersonal therapy are effective psychological interventions for depression. However, low adherence and high attrition rates in studies of prevention and treatment of antepartum depression suggest that these approaches might not be entirely suitable for women with mild/moderate ADS.

Oral Antibiotic Prophylaxis Reduces Surgical Site Infection and Anastomotic Leakage in Patients Undergoing Colorectal Cancer Surgery.

Background: Surgical-site infection (SSI) and anastomotic leakage (AL) are major complications following surgical resection of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). The beneficial effect of prophylactic oral antibiotics (OABs) on AL in particular is inconsistent. We investigated the impact of OABs on AL rates and on SSI.

Therapeutic Use of Microbubbles and Ultrasound in Acute Peripheral Arterial Thrombosis: A Systematic Review.

Catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) for acute peripheral arterial occlusion is time consuming and carries a risk of major hemorrhage. Contrast-enhanced sonothrombolysis (CEST) might enhance outcomes compared with standard CDT. In the study described here, we systematically reviewed all in vivo studies on contrast-enhanced sonothrombolysis in a setting of arterial thrombosis.

Placebo effects in low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature.

Background And Objective: The current treatments of primary musculoskeletal low back pain (LBP) have a low to moderate efficacy, which might be improved by looking at the contribution of placebo effects. However, the size of true placebo effects in LBP is unknown. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were executed of randomized controlled trials investigating placebo effects in LBP.

A narrative review of frailty assessment in older patients at the emergency department.

Optimizing emergency care for the aging population is an important future challenge, as the proportion of older patients at the emergency department (ED) rapidly increases. Older patients, particularly those who are frail, have a high risk of adverse outcomes after an ED visit, such as functional decline, institutionalization, and death. The ED can have a key position in identifying frail older patients who benefit most from comprehensive geriatric care [including delirium preventive measures, early evaluation of after-discharge care, and a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA)].

The value of bone marrow, liver, and spleen imaging in diagnosis, prognostication, and follow-up monitoring of myeloproliferative neoplasms: a systematic review.

Background: Diagnostic and treatment response criteria for the JAK2/CALR/MPL mutation-related myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are largely based on bone marrow (BM) biopsy results. However, these biopsies have several limitations, such as the risk of sampling error. Also, the prognostic impact of BM abnormalities is largely unclear.

The association of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behavior with skeletal muscle strength and muscle power in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Engaging in physical activity (PA) and avoiding sedentary behavior (SB) are important for healthy ageing with benefits including the mitigation of disability and mortality. Whether benefits extend to key determinants of disability and mortality, namely muscle strength and muscle power, is unclear.

Aims: This systematic review aimed to describe the association of objective measures of PA and SB with measures of skeletal muscle strength and muscle power in community-dwelling older adults.

How do midwives facilitate women to give birth during physiological second stage of labour? A systematic review.

Both nationally and internationally, midwives' practices during the second stage of labour vary. A midwife's practice can be influenced by education and cultural practices but ultimately it should be informed by up-to-date scientific evidence. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to retrieve evidence that supports high quality intrapartum care during the second stage of labour.

Pathophysiological mechanisms explaining poor clinical outcome of older cancer patients with low skeletal muscle mass.

Low skeletal muscle mass is highly prevalent in older cancer patients and affects 5% to 89% depending on the type and stage of cancer. Low skeletal muscle mass is associated with poor clinical outcomes such as post-operative complications, chemotherapy toxicity and mortality in older cancer patients. Little is known about the mediating pathophysiological mechanisms.

Instrumented measures of sedentary behaviour and physical activity are associated with mortality in community-dwelling older adults: A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis.

Background: Sedentary behaviour (SB) and physical activity (PA) can be objectively assessed with inertial sensors to describe bodily movement. Higher SB and lower PA is associated with higher chronological age and negative health outcomes. This study aimed to quantify the association between instrumented measures of SB (i-SB) and PA (i-PA) and mortality in community-dwelling older adults, to subsequently compare the quantitative effect sizes and to determine the dose-response relationships.

The Current Status of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Neuro-Oncology: A Systematic Review.

The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), as a novel treatment modality, has transformed the field of oncology with unprecedented successes. However, the efficacy of ICI for patients with glioblastoma or brain metastases (BMs) from any tumor type is under debate. Therefore, we systematically reviewed current literature on the use of ICI in patients with glioblastoma and BMs.

School-Based Physical Activity Interventions in Prevocational Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses.

Purpose: Literature detailing the effectiveness of school-based physical activity promotion interventions in prevocational adolescents was reviewed to identify effective intervention characteristics.

Methods: The search strategy assessed studies against inclusion criteria study design, study population, school setting, language, and construct. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed, and extractions were made of the physical activity (PA) level outcome measures and intervention characteristics regarding organizational, social, and content features.

How do midwives facilitate women to give birth during physiological second stage of labour? A protocol for a systematic review.

Background: Midwives' practices during the second stage of labour vary nationally and internationally. We aim to retrieve evidence that supports high-quality intrapartum care by conducting a systematic review of the literature.

Methods: Electronic bibliographic databases including PubMed, EMBASE.

Effect of physical interventions on physical performance and physical activity in older patients during hospitalization: a systematic review.

Background: To counteract decline in physical performance and physical activity in older patients during hospitalization, multiple physical interventions were developed. However, it is unknown whether these are effective in this particular population. This systematic review aimed to identify the effect of physical interventions on physical performance and physical activity in older patients during hospitalization.

Salvage surgery for recurrent or persistent tumour after radical (chemo)radiotherapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review.

Background: Once recurrent or persistent locoregional tumour after radical chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is identified, few curative-intent treatment options are available. Selected patients might benefit from surgical salvage. We performed a systematic review of the available literature for this emerging treatment option.

Prognostic factors for return to work and work disability among colorectal cancer survivors; A systematic review.

Background: Colorectal cancer is diagnosed progressively in employed patients due to screening programs and increasing retirement age. The objective of this study was to identify prognostic factors for return to work and work disability in patients with colorectal cancer.

Methods: The research protocol was published at PROSPERO with registration number CRD42017049757.

Disclosure of amyloid positron emission tomography results to individuals without dementia: a systematic review.

Background: Disclosure of amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) results to individuals without dementia has become standard practice in secondary prevention trials and also increasingly occurs in clinical practice. However, this is controversial given the current lack of understanding of the predictive value of a PET result at the individual level and absence of disease-modifying treatments. In this study, we systematically reviewed the literature on the disclosure of amyloid PET in cognitively normal (CN) individuals and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in both research and clinical settings.

Salvage surgery for local recurrence after stereotactic body radiotherapy for early stage non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review.

Introduction: Stereotactic body (or ablative) radiotherapy (SBRT/SABR) is now a guideline-recommended treatment for medically inoperable patients with peripherally-located, stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and for medically operable patients who decline surgery. The 5-year local failure rate after SBRT is about 10% and in highly selected patients, surgery has been used as a salvage therapy. We performed a systematic review to address the feasibility, safety, and outcome of salvage surgery for locally recurrent early stage NSCLC after SBRT.

Determinants of selective reporting: A taxonomy based on content analysis of a random selection of the literature.

Background: Selective reporting is wasteful, leads to bias in the published record and harms the credibility of science. Studies on potential determinants of selective reporting currently lack a shared taxonomy and a causal framework.

Objective: To develop a taxonomy of determinants of selective reporting in science.

Do final-year medical students have sufficient prescribing competencies? A systematic literature review.

Aims: Prescribing errors are an important cause of patient safety incidents and are frequently caused by junior doctors. This might be because the prescribing competence of final-year medical students is poor as a result of inadequate clinical pharmacology and therapeutic (CPT) education. We reviewed the literature to investigate which prescribing competencies medical students should have acquired in order to prescribe safely and effectively, and whether these have been attained by the time they graduate.

Cardiovascular events in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: a meta-analysis of observational studies.

Objectives: Several chronic inflammatory diseases are associated with cardiovascular disease, but the risk in ANCA-associated vasculitis is poorly quantified. The aim of the present study was to review the evidence for an increased cardiovascular risk, including ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular accidents and peripheral arterial disease, in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis.

Methods: A comprehensive systematic review was conducted in accordance with guidelines of preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses.