Benthic remineralization under future Arctic conditions and evaluating the potential for changes in carbon sequestration in warming sediments.

Benthic (seafloor) remineralization of organic material determines the fate of carbon in the ocean and its sequestration. Bottom water temperature and labile carbon supply to the seafloor are expected to increase in a warming Arctic and correspondingly, benthic remineralization rates. We provide some of the first experimental data on the response of sediment oxygen demand (SOD), an established proxy for benthic remineralization, to increased temperature and/or food supply across a range of Arctic conditions and regimes.

Gait performance in older adults across the cognitive spectrum: Results from the GAIT cohort.

Background: Gait performance can provide valuable insights into cognitive functioning in older adult and may be used to screen for cognitive impairment. However, the optimal test condition and spatiotemporal parameter for accuracy have not yet been determined. This study aims to determine the gait measure with the highest accuracy identifying cognitive decline.

Establishing large mammal population trends from heterogeneous count data.

Monitoring population trends is pivotal to effective wildlife conservation and management. However, wildlife managers often face many challenges when analyzing time series of census data due to heterogeneities in sampling methodology, strategy, or frequency. We present a three-step method for modeling trends from time series of count data obtained through multiple census methods (aerial or ground census and expert estimates).

High uptake of sympagic organic matter by benthos on an Arctic outflow shelf.

On Arctic shelves, benthic food-webs are tightly linked to overlying primary production. In the seasonal ice zone, sympagic (ice-associated) primary production can be a major source of carbon for the benthos on productive inflow shelves. However, the role of sympagic organic matter is less well-understood in food webs of heavily ice-covered, less- productive outflow shelves, such as the northeast Greenland shelf.

Measuring ecological quality status in low-diversity Arctic intertidal foraminiferal assemblages using a diversity-based index.

EcoQS assessment of the marine intertidal zone based on its fauna is challenging because the assemblages have a low diversity and consist of stress tolerant species. The new approach we propose is to pool foraminiferal diversity (effective number of species exp(H')) across the whole intertidal zone including the salt marsh and tidal flat. In seven fjordheads studied in northern Fennoscandia, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations indicated low levels of pollution (EcoQS Excellent to Moderate).

Inter-Segment Coordination of Male and Female Collegiate Ice Hockey Players During Forward Skating Starts.

: Coordination in ice hockey skating has been minimally investigated, particularly in females. The objective was to compare lower-extremity inter-segment coordination of collegiate male and female ice hockey players during forward skating starts. : 3D kinematic data were collected on collegiate male ( = 9) and female ( = 10) participants during accelerative steps.

Correction: Aquatic invasive alien rodents in Western France: Where do we stand today after decades of control?

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Camera trap surveys of Atlantic Forest mammals: A data set for analyses considering imperfect detection (2004-2020).

Camera traps became the main observational method of a myriad of species over large areas. Data sets from camera traps can be used to describe the patterns and monitor the occupancy, abundance, and richness of wildlife, essential information for conservation in times of rapid climate and land-cover changes. Habitat loss and poaching are responsible for historical population losses of mammals in the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot, especially for medium to large-sized species.

Self-report psychopathy-III facet scores predict sexual crimes, sexual preferences, and sexual deviance index validity more precisely than total scores.

Understanding the profiles of sexual offenders, such as the presence of psychopathic traits, is key to preventing future sexual crimes. The self-report psychopathy-III (SRP-III) is a tool used to assess the characteristics of psychopathy, but improvements on its interpretation are required to maximize its precision. The SRP-III can be interpreted by examining the scores on each of the four facets (interpersonal manipulation, callous affect, erratic lifestyle, antisocial behavior), on each of two factors (factor 1, factor 2), or by examining the total score.

Photochemical Synthesis of Lactones, Cyclopropanes and ATRA Products: Revealing the Role of Sodium Ascorbate.

Light-mediated processes have received significant attention, since they have re-surfaced unconventional reactivity platforms, complementary to conventional polar chemistry. γ-Lactones and cyclopropanes are prevalent moieties, found in numerous natural products and pharmaceuticals. Among various methods for their synthesis, light-mediated protocols are coming to the spotlight, although these are contingent upon the use of photoorgano- or metal-based catalysts.

Evaluation of zootechnical parameters of piglets born and suckled from dams treated with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug after farrowing.

Background: Farrowing is a precarious moment in pig production potentially associated with a wide range of ailments in sows and gilts, and often having a negative impact on pre-weaned piglet zootechnical performances.

Aim: To evaluate zootechnical parameters of piglets born and suckled from dams treated postpartum with tolfenamic acid (TA) at a commercial farm.

Methods: Dams were randomized to receive an intramuscular injection of 4% TA at 2 mg/kg body weight within 12 hours postpartum (TA group) or no inflammatory treatment (control group).

Incorporating biodiversity responses to land use change scenarios for preventing emerging zoonotic diseases in areas of unknown host-pathogen interactions.

The need to reconcile food production, the safeguarding of nature, and the protection of public health is imperative in a world of continuing global change, particularly in the context of risks of emerging zoonotic disease (EZD). In this paper, we explored potential land use strategies to reduce EZD risks using a landscape approach. We focused on strategies for cases where the dynamics of pathogen transmission among species were poorly known and the ideas of "land-use induced spillover" and "landscape immunity" could be used very broadly.

Horizon scanning of potential threats to high-Arctic biodiversity, human health and the economy from marine invasive alien species: A Svalbard case study.

The high Arctic is considered a pristine environment compared with many other regions in the northern hemisphere. It is becoming increasingly vulnerable to invasion by invasive alien species (IAS), however, as climate change leads to rapid loss of sea ice, changes in ocean temperature and salinity, and enhanced human activities. These changes are likely to increase the incidence of arrival and the potential for establishment of IAS in the region.

Microfluidic device combining hydrodynamic and dielectrophoretic trapping for the controlled contact between single micro-sized objects and application to adhesion assays.

The understanding of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions receptor and ligand binding relies on our ability to study the very first events of their contact. Of particular interest is the interaction between a T cell receptor and its cognate peptide-major histocompatibility complex. Indeed, analyzing their binding kinetics and cellular avidity in large-scale low-cost and fast cell sorting would largely facilitate the access to cell-based cancer immunotherapies.

Aperture-Controlled Fabrication of All-Dielectric Structural Color Pixels.

While interference colors have been known for a long time, conventional color filters have large spatial dimensions and cannot be used to create compact pixelized color pictures. Here we report a simple yet elegant interference-based method of creating microscopic structural color pixels using a single-mask process using standard UV photolithography on an all-dielectric substrate. The technology makes use of the varied aperture-controlled physical deposition rate of low-temperature silicon dioxide inside a hollow cavity to create a thin-film stack with the controlled bottom layer thickness.

Seafloor warm water temperature anomalies impact benthic macrofauna communities of a high-Arctic cold-water fjord.

Amid the alarming atmospheric and oceanic warming rates taking place in the Arctic, western fjords around the Svalbard archipelago are experiencing an increased frequency of warm water intrusions in recent decades, causing ecological shifts in their ecosystems. However, hardly anything is known about their potential impacts on the until recently considered stable and colder northern fjords. We analyzed macrobenthic fauna from four locations in Rijpfjorden (a high-Arctic fjord in the north of Svalbard) along its axis, sampled intermittently in the years 2003, 2007, 2010, 2013 and 2017.

Impedance spectroscopy of the cell/nanovolcano interface enables optimization for electrophysiology.

Volcano-shaped microelectrodes have demonstrated superior performance in measuring attenuated intracellular action potentials from cardiomyocyte cultures. However, their application to neuronal cultures has not yet yielded reliable intracellular access. This common pitfall supports a growing consensus in the field that nanostructures need to be pitched to the cell of interest to enable intracellular access.

Reduced efficiency of pelagic-benthic coupling in the Arctic deep sea during lower ice cover.

Pelagic-benthic coupling describes the connection between surface-water production and seafloor habitats via energy, nutrient and mass exchange. Massive ice loss and warming in the poorly studied Arctic Chukchi Borderland are hypothesized to affect this coupling. The strength of pelagic-benthic coupling was compared between 2 years varying in climate settings, 2005 and 2016, based on δC and δN stable isotopes of food-web end-members and pelagic and deep-sea benthic consumers.

The Extremely Brilliant Source storage ring of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility.

The Extremely Brilliant Source (EBS) is the experimental implementation of the novel Hybrid Multi Bend Achromat (HMBA) storage ring magnetic lattice concept, which has been realised at European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. We present its successful commissioning and first operation. We highlight the strengths of the HMBA design and compare them to the previous designs, on which most operational synchrotron X-ray sources are based.

Rapid exocytosis kinetics measured by amperometry within volcano microelectrodes.

For over 30 years, carbon fiber microelectrodes have been the gold standard for measurements related to exocytosis and more generally to the processes taking place at the synaptic level. However, this method has a low throughput and molecules can escape detection due to the featureless nature of the planar microelectrodes it uses. Here we present a new electrochemical sensor that addresses these limitations.

Isotopic turnover in polar cod (Boreogadus saida) muscle determined through a controlled feeding experiment.

Polar cod (Boreogadus saida) is an important trophic link within Arctic marine food webs and is likely to experience diet shifts in response to climate change. One important tool for assessing organism diet is bulk stable isotope analysis. However, key parameters necessary for interpreting the temporal context of stable isotope values are lacking, especially for Arctic species.

Fine Tuning of Quantum Dots Photocatalysts for the Synthesis of Tropane Alkaloid Skeletons.

Several types of Quantum Dots (QDs) (CdS, CdSe and InP, as well as core-shell QDs such as type I InP-ZnS, quasi type-II CdSe-CdS and inverted type-I CdS-CdSe) were considered for generating α-aminoalkyl free radicals. The feasibility of the oxidation of the N-aryl amines and the generation of the desired radical was evidenced experimentally by quenching of the photoluminescence of the QDs and by testing a vinylation reaction using an alkenylsulfone radical trap. The QDs were tested in a radical [3+3]-annulation reaction giving access to tropane skeletons and that requires the completion of two consecutive catalytic cycles.

A Three-Dimensional Engineered Cardiac In Vitro Model: Controlled Alignment of Cardiomyocytes in 3D Microphysiological Systems.

Cardiomyocyte alignment in myocardium tissue plays a significant role in the physiological, electrical, and mechanical functions of the myocardium. It remains, however, difficult to align cardiac cells in a 3D in vitro heart model. This paper proposes a simple method to align cells using microfabricated Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) grooves with large dimensions (of up to 350 µm in width), similar to the dimensions of trabeculae carneae, the smallest functional unit of the myocardium.

Toward a Physiologically Relevant 3D Helicoidal-Oriented Cardiac Model: Simultaneous Application of Mechanical Stimulation and Surface Topography.

Myocardium consists of cardiac cells that interact with their environment through physical, biochemical, and electrical stimulations. The physiology, function, and metabolism of cardiac tissue are affected by this dynamic structure. Within the myocardium, cardiomyocytes' orientations are parallel, creating a dominant orientation.