Advances in Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte (TIL) as a Prognostic Factor and for Treating Invasive Cutaneous Melanoma.

Invasive cutaneous melanoma is responsible for about 5% of skin tumors yet is liable for nearly 70% of skin cancer-related deaths. Despite notable advancements over the past decade, including immunotherapies and targeted treatments, more than half of invasive melanoma patients ultimately succumb to the disease due to therapeutic resistance. To overcome this obstacle, strategies such as combining immunotherapies with targeted drugs or adding epigenetic therapies have been investigated.

A Review of Advanced Cutaneous Melanoma Therapies and Their Mechanisms, from Immunotherapies to Lysine Histone Methyl Transferase Inhibitors.

Advanced cutaneous melanoma is considered to be the most aggressive type of skin cancer and has variable rates of treatment response. Currently, there are some classes of immunotherapy and target therapies for its treatment. Immunotherapy can inhibit tumor growth and its recurrence by triggering the host's immune system, whereas targeted therapy inhibits specific molecules or signaling pathways.

Finding reduced Raman spectroscopy fingerprint of skin samples for melanoma diagnosis through machine learning.

Early-stage detection of cutaneous melanoma can vastly increase the chances of cure. Excision biopsy followed by histological examination is considered the gold standard for diagnosing the disease, but requires long high-cost processing time, and may be biased, as it involves qualitative assessment by a professional. In this paper, we present a new machine learning approach using raw data for skin Raman spectra as input.

Sentinel node biopsy should not be recommended for patients with thick melanoma.

Objective: To ascertain whether there is any relationship between the state of the sentinel lymph node histopathology, recurrence and mortality from thick melanoma in patients undergoing SLNB over a long follow-up.

Methods: Eighty-six patients with thick melanoma undergoing SLNB were selected from a prospective database. Lymphoscintigraphy, lymphatic mapping and intraoperative gamma probe detection were performed in all patients.

Size and specificity of radiopharmaceuticals for sentinel lymph node detection.

Background: Biological performance of radiotracers for sentinel node detection analyzed in the light of molecular design and dimension is not widely available.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of dextran molecular size and the presence of tissue-binding units (mannose) within the model of (99m)Tc-carbonyl conjugate for sentinel lymph node detection.

Material And Methods: Four dextran conjugates with and without mannose in the chemical backbone were included.

Parameters optimization defined by statistical analysis for cysteine-dextran radiolabeling with technetium tricarbonyl core.

The objective of this study was the development of a statistical approach for radiolabeling optimization of cysteine-dextran conjugates with Tc-99m tricarbonyl core. This strategy has been applied to the labeling of 2-propylene-S-cysteine-dextran in the attempt to prepare a new class of tracers for sentinel lymph node detection, and can be extended to other radiopharmaceuticals for different targets. The statistical routine was based on three-level factorial design.

[Brazilian gamma detection device for sentinel lymph node biopsy].

Objective: To test the effectiveness of an intra-operative gamma detection Brazilian device (IPEN) on sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) procedures.

Methods: Forty melanoma or breast cancer patients with indication for undergoing SLNB were studied. Lymphoscintigraphy was done 2 to 24 hours prior to surgery.

Influence of calcium hydroxide addition to AH Plus sealer on its biocompatibility.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether the addition of 5% calcium hydroxide to AH Plus sealer improves its biocompatibility in subcutaneous connective tissue of rats.

Study Design: Thirty female rats distributed into 3 groups of 10 animals each received subcutaneous dorsal implants of silicone tubes filled with AH Plus (Group 1), AH Plus containing 5% (wt/wt) calcium hydroxide (Group 2), or no material (Group 3: control). The animals were killed after 14 days and the subcutaneous tissue containing the tubes was removed and processed for histological analysis.

A variation in the component separation technique that preserves linea semilunaris: a study in cadavers and a clinical case.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the effect of the incision of the external oblique aponeurosis along the semilunaris in amount of tension present after the undermining of the anterior rectus sheaths. Forty fresh adult cadavers were studied and divided into two groups: group A (n=20) and group B (n=20). Traction indexes were compared in three situations: (1) before any aponeurotic undermining (similar on both groups); (2) after incision and undermining of the anterior rectus sheaths (similar on both groups) and (3) group A: after undermining of the external oblique muscles with the incision of their aponeurosis along the semilunaris and group B: undermining of a continuous layer of the anterior rectus sheaths and the external oblique aponeurosis, after release of the lateral aspect of the rectus sheaths.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy in cutaneous melanoma.

Purpose: To assess the importance of sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with cutaneous melanoma.

Methods: Ninety consecutive non-randomized patients with stages I and II melanoma who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy were followed up prospectively for six years.

Results: Patients were followed up for a mean period of 30 months.

[Experimental model of primary cultured metastatic melanoma by fine needle aspiration].

Purpose: Establish an experimental model of metastatic melanoma primary culture cells from fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB).

Methods: Two metastatic melanoma primary culture cells from (FNAB) have been developed from patients who had been submitted to excision of metastatic lesions and they were identified by immunohistochemical analyses using S-100 and MB-45 melanoma markers.

Results: The culture diagnostic was confirmed by immunohistochemical.

[Sentinel lymph node in children with melanoma--case report].

Objective: To present a case of a child who was subjected to sentinel lymph node biopsy for cutaneous melanoma.

Description: A 12 year-old child with Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome developed melanoma on the lumbar region. The excision biopsy revealed a melanoma with depth of 1.

Relevance of micrometastases detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for melanoma recurrence: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Context: Cutaneous melanoma presents significant morbidity and mortality. Nowadays, about 90% of them are diagnosed by clinical examination and most are localized melanomas. Sentinel node biopsy has brought about a new and interesting approach towards localized cutaneous melanoma.