Endothelial protein disulfide isomerase A1 enhances membrane stiffness and platelet-endothelium interaction in hyperglycemia via SLC3A2 and LAMC1.

Background: Diabetes carries an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and thromboembolic events. Upon endothelial dysfunction, platelets bind to endothelial cells to precipitate thrombus formation; however, it is unclear which surface proteins regulate platelet-endothelium interaction. We and others have shown that peri/epicellular protein disulfide isomerase A1 (pecPDI) influences the adhesion and migration of vascular cells.

Explaining the increase of incidence and mortality from cardiovascular disease in Indonesia: A global burden of disease study analysis (2000-2019).

Background: In the last two decades, there has been a discernible shift in the distribution of mortality attributed to cardiovascular disease (CVD) between developing and developed nations; in developed nations, the percentage of deaths caused by CVD decreased from 48% in 1990 to 43% in 2010, while in developing nations, they increased from 18% to 25%. In Indonesia, CVD death has increased substantially and remained elevated in the last ten years. Current behavioral and metabolic risk factors, including hyperglycemia, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and smoking, enhance the risk of CVD mortality, according to several studies.

Nanomechanical and Vibrational Signature of Chikungunya Viral Particles.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) belongs to the genus Alphaviridae, with a single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome of 11.8 kbp encoding a polyprotein that generates both non-structural proteins and structural proteins. The virus is transmitted by the Aedes aegypti and A.

A red wine intervention does not modify plasma trimethylamine N-oxide but is associated with broad shifts in the plasma metabolome and gut microbiota composition.

Background: Gut microbiota profiles are closely related to cardiovascular diseases through mechanisms that include the reported deleterious effects of metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), which have been studied as diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Moderate red wine (RW) consumption is reportedly cardioprotective, possibly by affecting the gut microbiota.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of RW consumption on the gut microbiota, plasma TMAO, and the plasma metabolome in men with documented coronary artery disease (CAD) using a multiomics assessment in a crossover trial.

Analysing the impact of modifiable risk factors on cardiovascular disease mortality in Brazil.

Objectives: We have examined the impact of changes in modifiable risk factors on CVD mortality in 26 Brazilian states from 2005 to 2017.

Methods: Data were acquired from the Global Burden of Diseases study (GBD) and official sources of the Brazilian government, totalling 312 state-year observations. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated to determine the number of deaths attributed to changes in each risk factor.

Income inequality and non-communicable disease mortality and morbidity in Brazil States: a longitudinal analysis 2002-2017.

Background: Income inequality can negatively affect population health by increasing social stress and conflict, and reducing trust, public goods and healthcare access. However there is limited evidence from low and middle-income countries (LMICs) with high levels of inequality. This study investigates the association between income inequality, morbimortality and risk factors of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in 26 Brazilian states from 2002 to 2017.

The protein disulphide isomerase inhibitor CxxCpep modulates oxidative burst and mitochondrial function in platelets.

Background: We have previously described CxxCpep, a peptide with anti-platelet properties that inhibits peri/epicellular protein disulphide isomerase (pecPDI) by forming a mixed disulfide bond with Cys400 within the pecPDI active site.

Objectives: Here we sought to determine if pecPDI targeted by CxxCpep is relevant to redox mechanisms downstream of the collagen receptor GPVI in platelets.

Methods And Results: Restriction of effects of CxxCpep to the platelet surface was confirmed by LC-MS/MS following cell fractionation.

Early Exposure to High-Sucrose Diet Leads to Deteriorated Ovarian Health.

Background: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is correlated with disorders of the reproductive system, such as the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). While consumption of a diet rich in carbohydrates is linked to the development of MetS, it is still unclear if this diet leads to ovarian dysfunction and PCOS.

Objectives: We investigated the influence of a high-sucrose diet (HSD) on the ovarian milieu of Wistar rats and studied the correlation between high consumption of sugary drinks and the prevalence of PCOS in women.

Thiol Isomerases Orchestrate Thrombosis and Hemostasis.

Since protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) was first described in 1963, researchers have shown conclusively that PDI and sibling proteins are quintessential for thrombus formation. PDI, endoplasmic reticulum protein (ERp)5, ERp57, and ERp72 are released from platelets and vascular cells and interact with integrin αIIbβ3 on the outer surface of platelets. At the cell surface they influence protein folding and function, propagating thrombosis and maintaining hemostasis.

Protein Disulphide Isomerase and NADPH Oxidase 1 Cooperate to Control Platelet Function and Are Associated with Cardiometabolic Disease Risk Factors.

Background: Protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) and NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox-1) regulate platelet function and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, suggesting potentially interdependent roles. Increased platelet reactivity and ROS production have been correlated with cardiometabolic disease risk factors.

Objectives: To establish whether PDI and Nox-1 cooperate to control platelet function.

Socioeconomic Factors Associated With Reports of Domestic Violence in Large Brazilian Cities.

Domestic violence is a traumatic experience that can lead to physical consequences, mental disorders and financial damage. Over 18 cases per 100,000 inhabitants were reported in Brazil between 2013 and 2014. The ministry of health poses a mandatory notification of all cases of domestic violence, which is essential, bearing in mind its systemic relation to various social issues and the extensive regional differences and high socioeconomic inequalities present in Brazil.

Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles express NADPH oxidase-1 (Nox-1), generate superoxide and modulate platelet function.

Background: Platelets release platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) upon activation - in a process that is regulated by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Platelet NADPH oxidase-1 (Nox-1) contributes to ROS generation and thrombus formation downstream of the collagen receptor GPVI.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate whether PDEVs contain Nox-1 and whether this is relevant for PDEV-induced platelet activation.

Antiplatelet properties of Pim kinase inhibition are mediated through disruption of thromboxane A2 receptor signaling.

Pim kinases are upregulated in several forms of cancer, contributing to cell survival and tumour development, but their role in platelet function and thrombotic disease has not been explored. We report for the first time that Pim-1 is expressed in human and mouse platelets. Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of Pim kinase results in reduced thrombus formation but is not associated with impaired haemostasis.

Myricetin, the Main Flavonoid in Leaf, Is a Novel Inhibitor of Platelet Thiol Isomerases PDI and ERp5.

Background: Flavonoids have been characterized as a prominent class of compounds to treat thrombotic diseases through the inhibition of thiol isomerases. is a flavonoid-rich medicinal plant that contains myricetin and gallic acid. Little is known about the potential antiplatelet properties of and its constituent flavonoids.

Lipid Metabolism and Signaling in Platelet Function.

Modern society has changed its diet composition, transitioning to a higher intake of saturated fat with a 50% increase of cardiovascular risk (CVD). Within the context of increased CVD, there is an induction of a prothrombotic phenotype mainly due to increased platelet reactivity as well as decreased platelet response to inhibitors. Platelets maintain haemostasis through both blood components and endothelial cells that secrete inhibitory or stimulatory molecules to regulate thrombus formation.

Corrigendum to "Protective Effects of a Polyphenol-Rich Extract from (L.) Skeels Leaf on Oxidative Stress-Induced Diabetic Rats".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2018/5386079.].

[Trends in reporting of sexual violence in Brazil from 2009 to 2013].

The objective was to analyze the trends in reporting of sexual violence in Brazil from 2009 to 2013, with special emphasis on rape. An observational times series study was conducted, analyzing data from 2009 to 2013 coming from a secondary database of the Brazilian National Information System for Notificable Diseases (SINAN). The independent variable was the number of reports of sexual violence from 2009 to 2013, which was compared to several sociodemographic, violence-related, and health-related variables.

Protective Effects of a Polyphenol-Rich Extract from (L.) Skeels Leaf on Oxidative Stress-Induced Diabetic Rats.

(L.) Skeels has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory and cardiometabolic activities due to its high content of polyphenols. We characterized the chemical composition and assessed the antidiabetic effects of a novel polyphenol-rich extract (PESc) obtained from leaf.

Temporal analysis of reported cases of tuberculosis and of tuberculosis-HIV co-infection in Brazil between 2002 and 2012.

Objective:: To investigate the reported cases of tuberculosis and of tuberculosis-HIV co-infection in Brazil between 2002 and 2012.

Methods:: This was an observational study based on secondary time series data collected from the Brazilian Case Registry Database for the 2002-2012 period. The incidence of tuberculosis was stratified by gender, age group, geographical region, and outcome, as was that of tuberculosis-HIV co-infection.

Potential Role of Protein Disulfide Isomerase in Metabolic Syndrome-Derived Platelet Hyperactivity.

Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) has become a worldwide epidemic, alongside with a high socioeconomic cost, and its diagnostic criteria must include at least three out of the five features: visceral obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and high fasting glucose levels. MetS shows an increased oxidative stress associated with platelet hyperactivation, an essential component for thrombus formation and ischemic events in MetS patients. Platelet aggregation is governed by the peroxide tone and the activity of Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI) at the cell membrane.

Polyphenol-Rich Extract of Syzygium cumini Leaf Dually Improves Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity and Pancreatic Islet Function in Monosodium L-Glutamate-Induced Obese Rats.

Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Myrtaceae) has been traditionally used to treat a number of illnesses. Ethnopharmacological studies have particularly addressed antidiabetic and metabolic-related effects of extracts prepared from its different parts, especially seed, and pulp-fruit, however.

Reproductive alterations in hyperinsulinemic but normoandrogenic MSG obese female rats.

Obesity and metabolic syndrome are the common causes of reproductive and fertility disorders in women. In particular, polycystic ovary syndrome, which is clinically characterized by hyperandrogenism, oligo/anovulation, and polycystic ovarian morphology, has been increasingly associated with metabolic disorders. However, given the broad interplay between metabolic and reproductive functions, this remains a field of intense research.