Dietary glycemic and energy load differentially modulates Schistosoma mansoni-induced granulomatous inflammation and response to antiparasitic chemotherapy.

The impact of diet composition and energy content on schistosomiasis evolution and treatment efficacy is still controversial. This study compared the impact of sucrose-rich diet and intermittent fasting on Schistosoma mansoni infection and praziquantel (PZQ)-based chemotherapy response in mice. BALB/c mice were infected with S.

Carbon monoxide and nitric oxide modulate hyperosmolality-induced oxytocin secretion by the hypothalamus in vitro.

OT (oxytocin) is secreted from the posterior pituitary gland, and its secretion has been shown to be modulated by NO (nitric oxide). In rats, OT secretion is also stimulated by hyperosmolarity of the extracellular fluid. Furthermore, NOS (nitric oxide synthase) is located in hypothalamic areas involved in fluid balance control.

Sertraline, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, affects thirst, salt appetite and plasma levels of oxytocin and vasopressin in rats.

We investigated the effects of chronic administration of sertraline (SERT; approximately 20 mg kg(-1) day(-1) in drinking water), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on water and sodium intake and on plasma levels of oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP) in basal and stimulated conditions. Basal water intake was reduced in SERT-treated rats. After 24 h of water deprivation, rats treated with SERT for 21 days ingested less water than the control rats (9.

Central nitric oxide blocks vasopressin, oxytocin and atrial natriuretic peptide release and antidiuretic and natriuretic responses induced by central angiotensin II in conscious rats.

The presence of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), the enzyme that catalyses the formation of nitric oxide (NO), in the circumventricular organs and magnocellular neurones suggests an important role of NO in the modulation of vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) release. Intracerebroventricular (I.C.

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibition differentially affects oxytocin and vasopressin secretion in salt loaded rats.

Nitric oxide, an endogenous gas produced by nitric oxide synthase (NOS), has been described as a neuromodulator of hormone secretion, including the neurohypophysial peptides oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP), hormones involved in the sodium and water homeostasis. The presence of NOS in the hypothalamic nuclei as well as in the circumventricular organs suggests a nitrergic regulation of OT and AVP secretion. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), a selective inhibitor of neuronal NOS, in the plasma OT and AVP levels in rats submitted to a short and long-term salt loading.

The role of carbon monoxide and nitric oxide in hyperosmolality-induced atrial natriuretic peptide release by hypothalamus in vitro.

We evaluated the participation of the nitrergic and carbon monoxide (CO) systems in the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) release induced by osmotic stimulation of the rat anterior and medial basal hypothalamus (BH) fragments in vitro. The increase in the medium osmolality (NaCl, 340 mOsm/kg H2O) induced an elevated ANP release, which was associated with a decrease in nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity (p<0.001), nitric oxide (NO) production and nitrate (p<0.