Inhibitors of gastric acid secretion increase oxidative stress and matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity leading to vascular remodeling.

The use of inhibitors of gastric acid secretion (IGAS), especially proton pump inhibitors (PPI), has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk. While the mechanisms involved are not known, there is evidence supporting increased oxidative stress, a major activator of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), as an important player in such effect. However, there is no study showing whether other IGAS such as histamine H2-receptor blockers (H2RB) cause similar effects.

Hemodynamic impairment induced by Crotoxin using in vivo and ex vivo approach in a rat model.

Crotalus durissus snakebite represent 10 % of snakebite cases in Brazil, which cardiovascular disorders are associated with severe cases. Considering crotoxin (CTX) as the major venom component, the present study aimed to evaluate the hemodynamic alterations induced by CTX using in vivo and ex vivo approaches in a rat model. In vivo cardiac function parameters were analyzed from anesthetized rats treated with CTX or saline only (Sham), along with serum creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) and lung myeloperoxidase.

Quercetin decreases cardiac hypertrophic mediators and maladaptive coronary arterial remodeling in renovascular hypertensive rats without improving cardiac function.

Oxidative stress and MMP activity are found in the hearts and arteries in hypertension and contribute to the resulting hypertrophy and dysfunction. Quercetin is a flavonoid that reduces MMP-2 activity and ameliorates hypertrophic vascular remodeling of hypertension. The hypothesis is that treatment of hypertensive rats with quercetin ameliorates coronary maladaptive remodeling and decreases hypertrophic cardiac dysfunction by decreasing oxidative stress and MMP activity.

On the origin of nitrosylated hemoglobin in COVID-19: Endothelial NO capture or redox conversion of nitrite?: Experimental results and a cautionary note on challenges in translational research.

In blood, the majority of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) is scavenged by oxyhemoglobin, forming nitrate while a small part reacts with dissolved oxygen to nitrite; another fraction may bind to deoxyhemoglobin to generate nitrosylhemoglobin (HbNO) and/or react with a free cysteine to form a nitrosothiol. Circulating nitrite concentrations in healthy individuals are 200-700 nM, and can be even lower in patients with endothelial dysfunction. Those levels are similar to HbNO concentrations ([HbNO]) recently reported, whereby EPR-derived erythrocytic [HbNO] was lower in COVID-19 patients compared to uninfected subjects with similar cardiovascular risk load.

Three-dimensional pharyngeal airway space changes after bimaxillary advancement.

Introduction: The probability of improvement in the upper airway space (UAS) with orthognathic surgery should be considered during the surgical-orthodontic treatment decision, providing not only an esthetic, but also a functional benefit for the patient.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the 3D changes in the upper airway space after maxillomandibular advancement surgery (MMA).

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 56 patients, 21 male and 35 female, with a mean age of 35.

Antiseptic mouthwash inhibits antihypertensive and vascular protective effects of L-arginine.

L-arginine supplementation increases nitric oxide (NO) formation and bioavailability in hypertension. We tested the possibility that many effects of L-arginine are mediated by increased formation of NO and enhanced nitrite, nitrate and nitrosylated species concentrations, thus stimulating the enterosalivary cycle of nitrate. Those effects could be prevented by antiseptic mouthwash.

Omeprazole induces vascular remodeling by mechanisms involving xanthine oxidoreductase and matrix metalloproteinase activation.

Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are commonly used drugs that may increase the cardiovascular risk by mechanisms not entirely known. We examined whether the PPI omeprazole promotes vascular oxidative stress mediated by xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) leading to activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and vascular remodeling. We studied Wistar rats treated with omeprazole (or vehicle) combined with the XOR inhibitor allopurinol (or vehicle) for four weeks.

Evaluation of HPV and EBV in OSCC and the expression of p53, p16, E-cadherin, COX-2, MYC, and MLH1.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and the expression of p53, p16, E-cadherin, COX-2, MLH1, and MYC in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Materials And Methods: One hundred OSCC specimens were submitted to in situ hybridization for HPV and EBV, and immunohistochemistry for detection of the human proteins.

Results: Thirty-one cases showed HPV in tumor tissue.

Flying From Hospital to Hospital: A Case of Caffeine Intoxication.

A 54-year-old woman with a history of excess weight and active smoking presented to the emergency department (ED) due to syncope after a long flight. She reported a similar episode in the previous month, which had also occurred after a long air voyage. She presented with hypotension, dehydration, and hyperlactacidemia.

The Prediction Capacity 3-D Software, on a 2-D Analysis, in Planning the Positioning of the Upper Lip After Maxillary Advancement.

Purpose: The maxillary advancement using Le Fort I osteotomy directly affects in the positioning of the upper lip (UL) and the nasolabial angle (NLA), which plays an important role in facial expression and aesthetics, because of this, the aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of Dolphin Imaging 11.8 software in predicting changes to the UL position and NLA in patients undergoing maxillary advancement.

Materials And Methods: It was a retrospective cohort study.

Epigastric Pain and Weight Loss - A Case of Wilkie's Syndrome.

Unlabelled: Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMA syndrome) or Wilkie's syndrome is a rare etiology of duodenal obstruction due to compression of the third portion of the duodenum between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta. Physical and laboratory findings are often non-specific but imaging methods are useful for diagnosing the condition. A 46-year-old female patient presented to the outpatient clinic of our internal medicine department with a 2-year history of epigastric pain, nausea, early satiety and weight loss of 15 kg.

Immunoexpression of DNA base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair proteins in ameloblastomas, syndromic and non-syndromic odontogenic keratocysts and dentigerous cysts.

Objective: To evaluate the immunoexpression of DNA base excision repair (BER) [apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE-1), X-ray repair cross complementing 1 (XRCC-1)] and nucleotide excision repair (NER) [xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group (XPF)] proteins in benign epithelial odontogenic lesions with different biological behaviors.

Design: Thirty solid ameloblastomas, 30 non-syndromic odontogenic keratocysts (NSOKCs), 29 syndromic odontogenic keratocysts (SKOCs), 30 dentigerous cysts (DCs) and 20 dental follicles (DFs) were evaluated quantitatively for APE-1, XRCC-1 and XPF through immunohistochemistry.

Results: Nuclear expression of APE-1 was significantly higher in NSOKCs, SOKCs, and ameloblastomas in comparison to DCs (p < 0.

Prognostic information of gaze deviation in acute ischemic stroke patients.

Introduction: Gaze deviation (GD) in acute ischemic stroke patients has been suggested to be associated with poor outcome and with the presence of large vessel occlusion. Our aim was to study the prognostic significance of GD in ischemic stroke patients submitted to acute revascularization treatments.

Methods: Retrospective single-center study of consecutive anterior circulation ischemic stroke patients submitted to thrombolysis and/or endovascular revascularization between 2007 and 2017.

Sodium nitrite improves hypertension-induced myocardial dysfunction by mechanisms involving cardiac S-nitrosylation.

Although nitrite improves vascular function and lowers blood pressure, its cardiac effects are not completely known. We investigated whether nitrite improves the cardiac function in normotensive and in hypertensive rats. Two-kidney, one-clip hypertension model (2K1C) was induced in Wistar rats.

Computed tomography visualizing alterations in the upper airway after orthognathic surgery.

Three-dimensional (3D) software has revolutionized planning in orthognathic surgery. This technology allows the simulation of surgical movements and evaluation of the volume and area of the pharyngeal airway space (PAS), which are not possible with two-dimensional (2D) software. Many patients undergo orthognathic surgery to improve occlusion and facial profile.

A retrospective study of an alternative technique for implant repositioning in the maxillary esthetic region.

Background: Implant-bone block segment repositioning may be an option of treatment for patients with vertical alveolar bone atrophy.

Purpose: To assess implant-bone block movement, gingival outcome and the subjective appreciation of patients after an alternative treatment of an implant-bone block segment repositioning in the maxillary esthetic region.

Materials And Methods: Patients who underwent implant-bone block segment relocation in areas of vertical alveolar bone atrophy in the anterior esthetic region were assessed.

Immunoexpression of calcitonin and glucocorticoid receptors in central giant cell lesions of the jaws.

Background: This study analyzed the immunoexpression of calcitonin receptor (CTR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in central giant cell lesions (CGCLs) and verified potential associations with patient's response to clinical treatment with intralesional injection of triamcinolone.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-four cases of CGCLs, including 22 non-aggressive, and 32 aggressive, were investigated by immunohistochemistry.

Results: Surgery was the therapeutic choice for 53.

Expansive renal osteitis fibrosa: a case report.

Hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is an endocrine metabolic disorder characterized by increased secretion of parathyroid hormone. Untreated secondary HPT leads to renal osteodystrophy (ROD). Facial skeletal abnormalities in patients with ROD are rare.

Eye and heart morphogenesis are dependent on melatonin signaling in chick embryos.

Calmodulin is vital for chick embryos morphogenesis in the incubation time 48-66 h when the rudimentary C-shaped heart attains an S-shaped pattern and the optic vesicles develop into optic cups. Melatonin is in the extraembryonic yolk sac of the avian egg; melatonin binds calmodulin. The aim of this study was to investigate the function of melatonin in the formation of the chick embryo optic cups and S-shaped heart, by pharmacological methods and immunoassays.

Analysis of GLUT-1, GLUT-3, and angiogenic index in syndromic and non-syndromic keratocystic odontogenic tumors.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunoexpression of glucose transporters 1 (GLUT-1) and 3 (GLUT-3) in keratocystic odontogenic tumors associated with Gorlin syndrome (SKOTs) and non-syndromic keratocystic odontogenic tumors (NSKOTs), and to establish correlations with the angiogenic index. Seventeen primary NSKOTs, seven recurrent NSKOTs, and 17 SKOTs were selected for the study. The percentage of immunopositive cells for GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 in the epithelial component of the tumors was assessed.

Alternative Distraction Osteogenesis Technique After Implant Placement for Alveolar Ridge Augmentation of the Maxilla.

An alternative technique to reconstruct atrophic alveolar vertical bone after implant placement is presented. The technique consists of distraction osteogenesis or direct surgical repositioning of an implant-and-bone block segment after segmental osteotomies that can be used in esthetic or unesthetic cases. Initially, casts indicating the implant position are obtained and the future ideal prosthetic position is determined to guide the model surgery.

Treatment of Large Thyroglossal Duct Cyst.

The thyroglossal duct cyst is the neck congenital abnormality most common in the childhood. Clinically, it shows itself as a solitary neck mass in the region of hyoid bone, it is painless and can be dislocated during de physical examination and tongue protrusion. The most common treatment is its removal through the Sistrunk technique.

Orthognathic Surgery in Patients With Large Condylar Destructions.

Condylar resorption is understood as changes in shape and volume of the condylar bone, due to local, systemic, and iatrogenic factors. The occurrence of condylar resorption after orthognathic surgery can occur when the condylar repositioning in mandibular fossa is performed improperly. In addition, systemic diseases such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis seem to influence this process.

Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw After Tooth Extraction.

Bisphosphonates are widely used for treatment or prevention of bone diseases characterized by high osteoclastic activity. Among the oral medicines used to treat osteoporosis, alendronate has been often used. Despite of the low rate of complications on its use, cases of osteonecrosis of the jaw have been reported on literature after tooth extractions.

Autotransplantation of Immature Third Molars and Orthodontic Treatment After En Bloc Resection of Conventional Ameloblastoma.

Ameloblastoma treatment can lead to significant bone defects; consequently, oral rehabilitation can be challenging. We present the case of a 14-year-old girl diagnosed with a conventional ameloblastoma in the mandible who was treated using en bloc resection and rehabilitated with autotransplantation of the immature third molars and orthodontic treatment. The lesion was in the region of the lower left canine and premolars, and en bloc resection resulted in a significant alveolar bone defect.