[Evidence of tangible and intangible heritage in the Manguinhos territory].

This article discusses environmental licensing as an instrument for the identification and preservation of cultural heritage. Throughout 2021, studies were undertaken in and around Fundação Oswaldo Cruz's Manguinhos campus, in Rio de Janeiro, in preparation for the introduction of a sewage system by the local authority. The studies revealed how the territory had been occupied and enabled the identification of vestiges of material culture in an archaeological context and the heritage listed by Iphan, the Brazilian federal heritage protection agency - baianas de acarajé, capoeira, and cordel literature - the knowledge, and the forms of expression that bear witness to the development of the Manguinhos territory, a process in continuous motion.

Late Holocene dietary and cultural variability on the Xingu River, Amazon Basin: A stable isotopic approach.

Although once considered a 'counterfeit paradise', the Amazon Basin is now a region of increasing interest in discussions of pre-colonial tropical land-use and social complexity. Archaeobotany, archaeozoology, remote sensing and palaeoecology have revealed that, by the Late Holocene, populations in different parts of the Amazon Basin were using various domesticated plants, modifying soils, building earthworks, and even forming 'Garden Cities' along the Amazon River and its tributaries. However, there remains a relatively limited understanding as to how diets, environmental management, and social structures varied across this vast area.

The Oldest Case of Decapitation in the New World (Lapa do Santo, East-Central Brazil).

We present here evidence for an early Holocene case of decapitation in the New World (Burial 26), found in the rock shelter of Lapa do Santo in 2007. Lapa do Santo is an archaeological site located in the Lagoa Santa karst in east-central Brazil with evidence of human occupation dating as far back as 11.7-12.

Rock art at the pleistocene/holocene boundary in Eastern South America.

Background: Most investigations regarding the first americans have primarily focused on four themes: when the New World was settled by humans; where they came from; how many migrations or colonization pulses from elsewhere were involved in the process; and what kinds of subsistence patterns and material culture they developed during the first millennia of colonization. Little is known, however, about the symbolic world of the first humans who settled the New World, because artistic manifestations either as rock-art, ornaments, and portable art objects dated to the Pleistocene/Holocene transition are exceedingly rare in the Americas.

Methodology/principal Findings: Here we report a pecked anthropomorphic figure engraved in the bedrock of Lapa do Santo, an archaeological site located in Central Brazil.

Early Holocene human skeletal remains from Santana do Riacho, Brazil: implications for the settlement of the New World.

In this study we compare the cranial morphology of several late Paleoindian skeletons uncovered at Santana do Riacho, Central Brazil, with worldwide human cranial variation. Mahalanobis Distance and Principal Component Analysis are used to explore the extra-continental morphological affinities of the Brazilian Paleoindian sample. Santana do Riacho is a late Paleoindian burial site where approximately 40 individuals were recovered in varying states of preservation.