Correlations between clinical parameters, blastocyst morphological classification and embryo euploidy.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate clinical and embryo parameters to predict embryo ploidy.

Methods: In this retrospective analysis, we studied 838 biopsied day-5 blastocysts from 219 patients in the period from May 2021 to July 2022. All embryos were morphologically classified before biopsy and were divided into two groups according to genetic test results.

Serum progesterone level in luteal phase improves pregnancy rate in fresh cycles with blastocyst embryo transfer.

Objective: To assess the association between serum level of progesterone during stimulation and in the luteal phase with pregnancy rate in a cohort of patients undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) on day 5.

Methods: Retrospective Cohort Study. Patients: 62 infertile women, aged 24-42 years, undergoing ART at our center from May 2019 to May 2021.

Utilization of in vitro maturation in cases with a FSH receptor mutation.

Purpose: To identify the FSH receptor (FSHR) variant and efficacy of in vitro maturation (IVM) in a 28-year-old woman with secondary amenorrhea, primary infertility, and ovarian resistance to FSH, and to analyze the genotype-to-phenotype relationship in cases of FSHR mutation for the development of an IVM algorithm for use in patients with gonadotropin resistance syndrome (GRS).

Methods: Oocytes retrieved after menstruation induction with norethisterone, followed by daily estrogen and an ovulatory trigger, underwent IVM, ICSI, and culture in a time-lapse (TL) incubator. Embryo transfers were performed on day 2, and after thawing on day 5.

A comparison of the effects of three different estrogen used for endometrium preparation on the outcome of day 5 frozen embryo transfer cycle.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of three different estrogen used for endometrium preparation on pregnancy rate, as well as hormone profile on day 5 frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles.

Methods: Retrospective, observational study. Setting: A tertiary teaching and research private reproductive medicine center.

Which ovarian reserve marker relates to embryo quality on day 3 and blastocyst; age, AFC, AMH?

Objective: The aim of the present prospective study was to evaluate which ovarian reserve marker would be more reliable as the quality of the A + B embryos (day 3 and blastocyst).

Methods: We ran a prospective study with 124 infertile women, aged 24-48 years, from 2017 to 2018. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to age and the subgroups were compared for AMH, AFC, number of A+B embryos.

How time to healthy singleton delivery could affect decision-making during infertility treatment: a Delphi consensus.

Research Question: How might time to healthy singleton delivery affect decision-making during infertility treatment?

Design: This was a Delphi consensus investigating expert opinion that comprised three steps. In Step 1, 12 experts developed statements. In Step 2, 27 experts (including 12 from Step 1) voted (online survey) on their agreement/disagreement with each statement (providing reasons).

Premature progesterone elevation in controlled ovarian stimulation: to make a long story short.

Over the past decades many of us have contributed to the controversy surrounding the origins and consequences of premature progesterone elevation during controlled ovarian stimulation. In this article, we attempt to retrace the progression of information on this complex subject which required reviewing a number of publications that often contradicted one another. The definition of premature progesterone elevation, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the high peripheral progesterone levels, and the debated consequences of this event on in vitro fertilixation-embryo transfer outcome will be addressed from a historical perspective.

Introduction: Continuing story of premature progesterone elevation.

Since the late 1980s premature progesterone elevation has repeatedly caught the attention of investigators, not only for its importance, but also because studies have shown differing results and conclusions, constituting an unexplainable sequence of doubts and uncertainties. This issue's Views and Reviews section seeks to present a sequence of short and complementary papers summarizing the whole story and updating the reader on the current information and perspectives on premature progesterone elevation.

Dysregulation of the Anti-Müllerian Hormone System by Steroids in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Context: Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and AMH type II receptor (AMHR2) are overexpressed in granulosa cells (GCs) from women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common cause of female infertility.

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the regulation of the AMH/AMHR2 system by 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT) and estradiol (E2) in GCs from control subjects and women with PCOS.

Design, Setting, Patients: Experiments were performed on follicular fluids (FF) and GCs from women undergoing in vitro fertilization.

Serum antimüllerian hormone levels are independently related to miscarriage rates after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer.

Objective: To investigate whether serum antimüllerian hormone (AMH) levels are independently related to miscarriage rates after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET).

Design: Cohort study.

Setting: University-affiliated IVF-ET center.

Non-equivalence of anti-Müllerian hormone automated assays-clinical implications for use as a companion diagnostic for individualised gonadotrophin dosing.

Study Question: Can anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) automated immunoassays (Elecsys® and Access) be used interchangeably as a companion diagnostic for individualisation of follitropin delta dosing?

Summary Answer: The Access assay gives systematically higher AMH values than the Elecsys® assay which results in over 29% of women being misclassified to a different follitropin delta dose.

What Is Known Already: Follitropin delta is the first gonadotrophin to be licenced with a companion diagnostic, the Roche Elecsys® AMH Plus assay. Alternative automated AMH assays including the Beckman Coulter Access immunoassay are considered to provide similar results, but clarification of their suitability as an off-licence companion diagnostic for follitropin delta is required.

Steroid hormone pretreatments in assisted reproductive technology.

Adequate availability and FSH sensitivity of ovarian antral follicles and coordination of their growth during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) rank among factors that may determine outcome, particularly in patients presenting ovarian function defects and so-called "poor responders." Growing evidence indicates that both factors are positively influenced by steroid hormone pretreatments. First, data from studies conducted in both animals and in women exposed to virilizing androgen doses indicate that androgen pretreatments may increase follicle responsiveness to FSH and/or the number of growing follicles in the ovary, thereby constituting an interesting perspective in the management of "poor responders.

New automated antimüllerian hormone assays are more reliable than the manual assay in patients with reduced antral follicle count.

Objective: To compare the strength of the relationship between antral follicle count (AFC) and serum antimüllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations obtained with two automated and one manual AMH assays in three different AFC populations.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: University-affiliated IVF-ET center.

Most Cleaved Anti-Müllerian Hormone Binds Its Receptor in Human Follicular Fluid but Little Is Competent in Serum.

Context: Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is an important clinical marker for diagnosing and assessing the reproductive status and/or disorders in men and women. Most studies have not distinguished between levels of inactive AMH precursor and the cleaved noncovalent complex that binds the AMH type II receptor (AMHRII) and initiates signaling.

Objective: The objective of the study was to measure the levels of AMH cleavage and bioactivity in human body fluids.

The Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 Up-Regulates the Anti-Müllerian Hormone Receptor Expression in Granulosa Cells.

Context: Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is produced by the granulosa cells (GCs) of growing follicles and inhibits follicular development.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the regulation of the AMH-specific type 2 receptor (AMHR2) gene expression in GCs by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)15, BMP4 and growth differentiation factor (GDF)9.

Design, Setting, And Patients: Their effects on AMHR2 and AMH mRNAs were studied in luteinized human GCs and in ovine GCs (oGCs) from small antral follicles.

Serous adenocarcinoma of the ovary diagnosed during ultrasound evaluation for fertility preservation.

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women of reproductive age, and fertility preservation counseling is now an integral part of the initial management of these patients. This article reports the case of a 33-year-old woman diagnosed with breast cancer and referred for oncofertility counseling before her treatment. Despite a previous negative cancer workup, a transvaginal ultrasound scan, performed for antral follicle count as part of the initial ovarian reserve assessment, revealed a synchronous ovarian adenocarcinoma.

Female fertility preservation in cancer patients: an instrumental tool for the envisioning a postdisease life.

Aim: To verify whether fertility preservation (FP) improves the way women contemplate their life after the disease.

Materials & Methods: 285 cancer patients referred for FP counseling were prospectively studied. A standardized questionnaire was submitted to all participants.

Is it acceptable to destroy or include human embryos before day 5 in research programmes?

Day-3 poor-quality embryos (PQE) from IVF-embryo transfer cycles are usually destroyed or are included in research programmes. Knowing that these embryos have the ability to evolve to the blastocyst stage and yield embryonic stem cell lines, this study postulated that they could also give rise to live births. This is a prospective study including 186 IVF-embryo transfer candidates who had obtained at least one supernumerary PQE on day 3.