Urinary Concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Metabolites in Drinkers in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Consumption of , an infusion of the herb , is associated with increased risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but the carcinogenic mechanism is unclear. Commercial brands of contain high levels of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are acquired during the traditional drying process. The purpose of this study was to characterize exposure to PAHs in drinkers over a wide range of consumption.

LOW PREVALENCE OF BARRETT'S ESOPHAGUS IN A RISK AREA FOR ESOPHAGEAL CANCER IN SOUTH OF BRAZIL.

Background: Barrett's esophagus a complication of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a precursor of esophageal adenocarcinoma. The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has been increasing in most Western countries. Rio Grande do Sul (RS), the Southernmost state of Brazil has the highest rates of esophageal cancer with low prevalence of esophageal adenocarcinoma.

IS THE IMMUNOCROMATOGRAPHIC FECAL ANTIGEN TEST EFFECTIVE FOR PRIMARY DIAGNOSIS OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION IN DYSPEPTIC PATIENTS?

Background: The diagnosis of H. pylori infection can be performed by non-invasive and invasive methods.The identification through a fecal antigen test is a non-invasive, simple, and relatively inexpensive test.

Immunohistochemical expression of HER2 in adenocarcinoma of the stomach.

Background: Worldwide, gastric cancer is the fourth cancer in incidence and the second most common cause of cancer death. Gastric cancer is asymptomatic in the early stages and very often diagnosed at advanced stages, determining a dismal prognosis. Expression of the HER2 gene has been identified in about 20% of gastric cancer cases, and its hyper-expression is associated with poor prognosis.

Peptic ulcer frequency differences related to h. Pylori or aines.

Background: Peptic ulcer etiology has been changing because of H. pylori decline.

Objectives: To estimate peptic ulcer prevalence in 10 years-interval and compare the association with H.

Diet and esophageal disease.

The following, from the 12th OESO World Conference: Cancers of the Esophagus, includes commentaries on macronutrients, dietary patterns, and risk of adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus; micronutrients, trace elements, and risk of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma; the role of mate consumption in the development of squamous cell carcinoma; the relationship between energy excess and development of esophageal adenocarcinoma; and the nutritional management of the esophageal cancer patient.

Stepwise expression of CDKN2A and RB1 proteins in esophageal mucosa from patients at high risk for squamous cell carcinoma.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus is a lethal cancer and carries a poor prognosis because of late diagnosis. Identification of molecular markers may aid early diagnosis. We assessed the expression of CDKN2A/RB1 in the esophageal mucosa and its association with the histology.

No evidence of HPV DNA in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a population of Southern Brazil.

Aim: To investigate the association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in southern Brazil.

Methods: We studied 189 esophageal samples from 125 patients from three different groups: (1) 102 biopsies from 51 patients with ESCC, with one sample from the tumor and another from normal esophageal mucosa distant from the tumor; (2) 50 esophageal biopsies from 37 patients with a previous diagnosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); and (3) 37 biopsies from esophageal mucosa with normal appearance from 37 dyspeptic patients, not exposed to smoking or alcohol consumption. Nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the MY09/11 and GP5/6 L1 primers was used to detect HPV L1 in samples fixed in formalin and stored in paraffin blocks.

Significant variation in the concentration of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in yerba maté samples by brand, batch, and processing method.

Drinking maté, common in southern South America, may increase the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In 2006, we found high but variable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content in commercial yerba maté samples from eight Brazilian brands. The PAH content of new samples from the same brands, purchased in 2008, and four brands from a single manufacturer processed in different ways, obtained in 2010, were quantified to determine whether PAH concentration was still high, whether PAH content variation was brand specific, and whether processing method affects PAH content of commercial yerba maté.

Gastric adenocarcinoma trends in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul (Southern Brazil): what has changed in 25 years?

Context: Gastric cancer is the fourth most common malignancy in the world. Its incidence varies greatly by geographic region. The highest rate is in Eastern Asia, mainly in Japan and China.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma - precursor lesions and early diagnosis.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (SCCE) carries a poor prognosis due to late diagnosis. Early detection is highly desirable, since surgical and endoscopic resection offers the only possible cure for esophageal cancer. Population screening should be undertaken in high risk areas, and in low or moderate risk areas for people with risk factors (alcoholics, smokers, mate drinkers, history of head and neck cancer, achalasia and lye stricture of the esophagus).

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and peristomal infection: an avoidable complication with the use of a minimum skin incision.

Background: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a fast and simple method. Although considered safe, PEG is associated with many potential complications. Peristomal infection is the complication most frequently reported.

Prevalence of anal intraepithelial neoplasia in women with genital neoplasia.

Background: Anal intraepithelial neoplasia is believed to be a precursor of anal cancer, and it appears to be related to high-risk human papillomavirus. Women with genital neoplasia have been shown to be at increased risk for anal cancer.

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of anal intraepithelial neoplasia in women with genital neoplasia.

Immunohistochemical overexpression of the p53 protein and Ki-67 (MIB-1) antigen in patients with GERD and chronic esophagitis.

Background And Study Aims: Patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett esophagus have an increased risk of developing adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. It is uncertain whether molecular or proliferative alterations are present in the early stages of disease.

Methods: One hundred thirty-eight patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms were subjected to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsies of the esophageal mucosa.

Detecting p53 immunoexpression in esophageal mucosa with exfoliative cytology in individuals at risk for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of p53 expression in cytologic smear collected by the RS Balloon in high-risk individuals, and test its yield in the cytologic screening of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (SCCE).

Study Design: Asymptomatic individuals at risk for SCCE underwent esophageal exfoliative cytology with the RS Balloon immediately followed by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsies of unstained areas after iodine mucosal staining of the esophagus. For each patient, cytologic expression of p53 was compared with the worst endoscopic biopsy diagnosis and the histologic expression of p53.

Immunoreactivity of cytokeratins 7 and 20 in goblet cells and columnar blue cells in patients with endoscopic evidence of Barrett's esophagus.

Context: Barrett's esophagus is characterized by the presence of goblet cells. However, when alcian-blue is utilized, another type of cells, called columnar blue cells, is frequently present in the distal esophagus of patients with endoscopic evidence of Barrett's esophagus. Cytokeratin 7 and 20 immunoreactivity has been previously studied in areas of intestinal metaplasia at the esophagogastric junction.

Nutrient patterns and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: a factor analysis in uruguay.

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus is a common disease, with an age-standardized incidence rate of 55 cases per 100,000 persons in the northern counties of Uruguay. These rates are comparable to those observed in Iran and China.

Materials And Methods: In order to contribute to the clarification of the etiology of this lethal disease, a case-control study which included 234 cases and 936 controls, frequency matched for age, sex and residence, was conducted.

High levels of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mate drinks.

Background: Drinking mate has been associated with cancers of the esophagus, oropharynx, larynx, lung, kidney, and bladder. We conducted this study to determine whether drinking mate could lead to substantial exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), including known carcinogens, such as benzo[a]pyrene.

Methods: The concentrations of 21 individual PAHs were measured in dry leaves of eight commercial brands of yerba mate and in infusions made with hot (80 degrees C) or cold (5 degrees C) water.

[Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer precursor lesions in patients with dyspepsia].

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection has been considered to play significant role in gastric carcinogenesis, but only a minority of people who harbor this organism will develop gastric cancer. H. pylori infection first causes chronic non atrophic gastritis.

pRB expression in esophageal mucosa of individuals at high risk for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

Aim: To investigate the pRb expression in a large group of patients with history of chronic exposure to the main risk factors for development of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

Methods: One hundred and seventy asymptomatic individuals at high risk for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (consumption of more than 80 g of ethanol and 10 cigarettes/d for at least 10 years) underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsies of the esophageal mucosa. As a control group, specimens of esophageal mucosa obtained from 20 healthy subjects were also studied.

The influence of genetic polymorphisms in Ahr, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, GST M1, GST T1 and UGT1A1 on urine 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide concentrations in healthy subjects from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Polymorphisms in genes encoding polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolizing enzymes may alter metabolism of these carcinogens and contribute to inter-individual difference in urine concentrations. We investigated the influence of genetic polymorphism on PAH metabolism in urine from 199 healthy subjects from Southern Brazil. We measured urine 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide (1-OHPG) concentrations using immunoaffinity chromatography and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy and genotyped subjects using standard methods.

Higher urine 1-hydroxy pyrene glucuronide (1-OHPG) is associated with tobacco smoke exposure and drinking maté in healthy subjects from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Background: The highest rates of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in Brazil occur in Rio Grande do Sul, the most southern state, which has incidence rates of 20.4/100,000/year for men and 6.5/100,000/year for women.

p53 immunoexpression: an aid to conventional methods in the screening of precursor lesions of squamous esophageal cancer in patients at high-risk?

Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (SCCE) is diagnosed late and carries a poor prognosis. Lugol chromoendoscopy (LC) has being shown a useful tool in the management of patients at high risk for SCCE. Biomarkers such as p53 protein expression may be present in the esophageal mucosa long before esophageal symptoms or lesions appear and may aid in early diagnosis.