Fibrosis after Myocardial Infarction: An Overview on Cellular Processes, Molecular Pathways, Clinical Evaluation and Prognostic Value.

The ischemic injury caused by myocardial infarction activates a complex healing process wherein a powerful inflammatory response and a reparative phase follow and balance each other. An intricate network of mediators finely orchestrate a large variety of cellular subtypes throughout molecular signaling pathways that determine the intensity and duration of each phase. At the end of this process, the necrotic tissue is replaced with a fibrotic scar whose quality strictly depends on the delicate balance resulting from the interaction between multiple actors involved in fibrogenesis.

Myocardial ischemia due to a recanalized chronic coronary thrombus: Angiographic and optical coherence tomography imaging insights.

Chronic organized thrombus as a result of prior untreated myocardial infarction can determine myocardial ischemia. This entity appears as an angiographically irregular and hazy image; optical coherence tomography is useful to evaluate these ambiguous lesions and guide interventional treatment.

Radial Artery Access for Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions: Contemporary Insights and Novel Approaches.

Since its introduction, the transradial access for percutaneous cardiovascular procedures has been associated with several advantages as compared to transfemoral approach, and has become the default for coronary angiography and intervention. In the last 30 years, a robust amount of evidence on the transradial approach has been mounted, promoting its diffusion worldwide. This article provides a comprehensive review of radial artery access for percutaneous cardiovascular interventions, including the evidence from clinical trials of transradial vs.

Impellent impeller-Switching intra-aortic balloon pump to IMPELLA-CP after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and refractory cardiogenic shock.

Cardiogenic shock is a dreadful complication of myocardial infarction. Despite widespread use and availability, intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) does not reduce mortality nor improves outcomes. Advanced mechanical circulatory support with IMPELLA system can substantially support hemodynamics and improve short-term prognosis in patients with myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock.