Generation and capture of naphthoquinonynes: a new frontier in the development of trypanocidal quinones aryne chemistry.

The regioselective synthesis of functionalized naphthoquinones the formation and capture of naphthoquinonynes has been used to prepare trypanocidal compounds. The target compounds are functionalized on the aromatic ring, leaving the quinoidal ring intact. Using this technique, eighteen functionalized naphthoquinones were succesfull obtained, divided in two main groups: the first scope using -nucleophiles, and the second scope using pyridine -oxides, with yields up to 74%.

sp. nov., a novel bacterial species causing leaf spots on strawberry (×).

In Florida, angular leaf spot, caused by , was the only known bacterial disease in strawberry, which is sporadic and affects the foliage and calyx. However, from the 2019-2020 to 2023-2024 Florida strawberry seasons, unusual bacterial-like symptoms were observed in commercial farms, with reports of up to 30 % disease incidence. Typical lesions were water-soaked and angular in early stages that later became necrotic with a circular-ellipsoidal purple halo, and consistently yielded colonies resembling on culture media.

The Synthesis and Reactivity of Naphthoquinonynes.

The first systematic exploration of the synthesis and reactivity of naphthoquinonynes is described. Routes to two regioisomeric Kobayashi-type naphthoquinonyne precursors have been developed, and the reactivity of the ensuing 6,7- and 5,6-aryne intermediates has been investigated. Remarkably, these studies have revealed that a broad range of cycloadditions, nucleophile additions and difunctionalizations can be achieved while maintaining the integrity of the highly sensitive quinone unit.

Elucidating the Mode of Action of Hybrid Nanoparticles of Cu/Zn Against Copper-Tolerant .

The widespread presence of tolerance to copper in species has resulted in the need to develop alternative approaches to control plant diseases caused by xanthomonads. In recent years, nanotechnological approaches have resulted in the identification of novel materials to control plant pathogens. With many metal-based nanomaterials having shown promise for disease control, an important question relates to the mode of action of these new materials.

Copper drives prion protein phase separation and modulates aggregation.

Prion diseases are characterized by prion protein (PrP) transmissible aggregation and neurodegeneration, which has been linked to oxidative stress. The physiological function of PrP seems related to sequestering of redox-active Cu, and Cu dyshomeostasis is observed in prion disease brain. It is unclear whether Cu contributes to PrP aggregation, recently shown to be mediated by PrP condensation.

The crucial role of silver(I)-salts as additives in C-H activation reactions: overall analysis of their versatility and applicability.

Transition-metal catalyzed C-H activation reactions have been proven to be useful methodologies for the assembly of synthetically meaningful molecules. This approach bears intrinsic peculiarities that are important to be studied and comprehended in order to achieve its best performance. One example is the use of additives for the generation of catalytically active species.

Novel Carbonaceous Adsorbents Prepared from Glycerin Waste and Dopamine for Gas Separation.

Glycerin, a low-valued waste from biodiesel production, and dopamine were used as precursors for adsorbent materials. The study is centered on the preparation and application of microporous activated carbon as adsorbent materials in the separation of ethane/ethylene and of gases that are natural gas or landfill gas components (ethane/methane and carbon dioxide/methane). The activated carbons were produced by the following sequence reactions: facile carbonization of a glycerin/dopamine mixture and chemical activation.

It Takes Two to Tango, Part II: Synthesis of A-Ring Functionalised Quinones Containing Two Redox-Active Centres with Antitumour Activities.

In 2021, our research group published the prominent anticancer activity achieved through the successful combination of two redox centres (-quinone/-quinone or quinone/selenium-containing triazole) through a copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. The combination of two naphthoquinoidal substrates towards a synergetic product was indicated, but not fully explored. Herein, we report the synthesis of 15 new quinone-based derivatives prepared from click chemistry reactions and their subsequent evaluation against nine cancer cell lines and the murine fibroblast line L929.

sp nov. and sp nov., isolated from ornamental crops in California.

Five bacterial strains were isolated from symptomatic leaves of , sp. and sp. in California.

From a recombinant key antigen to an accurate, affordable serological test: Lessons learnt from COVID-19 for future pandemics.

Serological tests detect antibodies generated by infection or vaccination, and are indispensable tools along different phases of a pandemic, from early monitoring of pathogen spread up to seroepidemiological studies supporting immunization policies. This work discusses the development of an accurate and affordable COVID-19 antibody test, from production of a recombinant protein antigen up to test validation and economic analysis. We first developed a cost-effective, scalable technology to produce SARS-COV-2 spike protein and then used this antigen to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Future of Bacterial Disease Management in Crop Production.

Bacterial diseases are a constant threat to crop production globally. Current management strategies rely on an array of tactics, including improved cultural practices; application of bactericides, plant activators, and biocontrol agents; and use of resistant varieties when available. However, effective management remains a challenge, as the longevity of deployed tactics is threatened by constantly changing bacterial populations.

Oxytetracycline and Streptomycin Resistance Genes in pv. , the Causal Agent of Bacterial Spot in Peach.

pv. () causes bacterial spot, a major worldwide disease of species. Very few chemical management options are available for this disease and frequent applications of oxytetracycline (OTC) in the United States peach orchards have raised concerns about resistance development.

Looking deep into C-H functionalization: the synthesis and application of cyclopentadienyl and related metal catalysts.

Metal catalyzed C-H functionalization offers a versatile platform for methodology development and a wide variety of reactions now exist for the chemo- and site-selective functionalization of organic molecules. Cyclopentadienyl-metal (CpM) complexes of transition metals and their correlative analogues have found widespread application in this area, and herein we highlight several key applications of commonly used transition-metal Cp-type catalysts. In addition, an understanding of transition metal Cp-type catalyst synthesis is important, particularly where modifications to the catalyst structure are required for different applications, and a summary of this aspect is given.

A centenary for bacterial spot of tomato and pepper.

Disease Symptoms: Symptoms include water-soaked areas surrounded by chlorosis turning into necrotic spots on all aerial parts of plants. On tomato fruits, small, water-soaked, or slightly raised pale-green spots with greenish-white halos are formed, ultimately becoming dark brown and slightly sunken with a scabby or wart-like surface.

Host Range: Main and economically important hosts include different types of tomatoes and peppers.

On the application of 3d metals for C-H activation toward bioactive compounds: The key step for the synthesis of silver bullets.

Several valuable biologically active molecules can be obtained through C-H activation processes. However, the use of expensive and not readily accessible catalysts complicates the process of pharmacological application of these compounds. A plausible way to overcome this issue is developing and using cheaper, more accessible, and equally effective catalysts.

Magnesium Oxide Nanomaterial, an Alternative for Commercial Copper Bactericides: Field-Scale Tomato Bacterial Spot Disease Management and Total and Bioavailable Metal Accumulation in Soil.

Copper (Cu) is the most extensively used bactericide worldwide in many agricultural production systems. However, intensive application of Cu bactericide have increased the selection pressure toward Cu-tolerant pathogens, including , the causal agent of tomato bacterial spot. However, alternatives for Cu bactericides are limited and have many drawbacks including plant damage and inconsistent effectiveness under field conditions.

Imidazoles and Oxazoles from Lapachones and Phenanthrene-9,10-dione: A Journey through their Synthesis, Biological Studies, and Optical Applications.

Diverse structural frameworks are found in natural compounds and are well known for their chemical and biological properties; such compounds include the imidazoles and oxazoles. Researchers worldwide are continually working on the development of methods for synthesizing new molecules bearing these basic moiety and evaluating their properties and applications. To expand the knowledge related to azoles, this review summarizes important examples of imidazole and oxazole derivatives from 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds, such as lapachones and phenanthrene-9,10-diones, not only regarding their synthesis and biological applications but also their photophysical properties and uses.

Decoding Directing Groups and Their Pivotal Role in C-H Activation.

Synthetic organic chemistry has witnessed a plethora of functionalization and defunctionalization strategies. In this regard, C-H functionalization has been at the forefront due to the multifarious applications in the development of simple to complex molecular architectures and holds a brilliant prospect in drug development and discovery. Despite been explored tremendously by chemists, this functionalization strategy still enjoys the employment of novel metal catalysts as well metal-free organic ligands.

Ruthenium(II)- and Palladium(II)-catalyzed position-divergent CH oxygenations of arylated quinones: Identification of hydroxylated quinonoid compounds with potent trypanocidal activity.

A diversity-oriented synthesis of hydroxylated aryl-quinones via CH oxygenation reactions and their evaluation against Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, was accomplished. With the use of ruthenium(II)- or palladium(II)-based catalysts, complementary regioselectivities were observed in the hydroxylation reactions and we have identified 9 compounds more potent than benznidazole (Bz) among these novel arylated and hydroxylated quinones. For instance, 5-hydroxy-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,4-naphthoquinone (4h) with an IC/24 h value of 22.

Quadricipital Tendon Simultaneous Bilateral Tear in a Patient with Type-II Diabetes Mellitus after Low-energy Trauma: Case Report.

Simultaneous bilateral rupture of the quadricipital tendon is an extremely rare lesion. We report a case of this injury after low-energy trauma in a patient with type-II diabetes mellitus. Both knees were surgically approached in the same surgical procedure.

The Different Facets of Metal-Catalyzed C-H Functionalization Involving Quinone Compounds.

Metal-catalysed C-H functionalization has emerged as a powerful platform for the derivatization of quinones, a class of compounds with wide-ranging applications. This review organises and discusses the evolution of this chemistry from early Fujiwara-Moritani reactions, through to modern directing-group assisted C-H functionalization processes, including C-H functionalization reactions directed by the quinone ring itself. Mechanistic details of these reactions are provided to afford insight into how the unique reactivity of quinoidal compounds has been leveraged in each example.

Removal and modification of directing groups used in metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization: the magical step of conversion into 'conventional' functional groups.

Over the past few decades, regioselective catalytic C-H functionalization has provided an attractive tool for unique retrosynthetic disconnections. The advancement of the directing group strategy in metal catalyzed synthetic transformation has contributed significantly to the incorporation of a wide range of functionalization reactions in both aromatic systems and aliphatic backbones. However, the extensive utilization of these methodologies depends on the ease of removal of the directing group to restore the free functional group.

Molecular basis of resistance to organophosphate insecticides in the New World screw-worm fly.

Background: The emergence of insecticide resistance is a fast-paced example of the evolutionary process of natural selection. In this study, we investigated the molecular basis of resistance in the myiasis-causing fly Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) to dimethyl-organophosphate (OP) insecticides.

Methods: By sequencing the RNA from surviving larvae treated with dimethyl-OP (resistant condition) and non-treated larvae (control condition), we identified genes displaying condition-specific polymorphisms, as well as those differentially expressed.

Performance of Genetically Modified Soybean Expressing the Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2, and Cry1Ac Proteins Against Key Lepidopteran Pests in Brazil.

The pyramided genetically modified (GM) soybean [Glycine max L. (Merr.)] MON87751 × MON87708 × MON87701 × MON89788, expressing Cry1A.