Cerebrospinal fluid fistula as a complication of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction collection for the detection of coronavirus disease 2019: illustrative cases.

Background: The most used method to detect coronavirus disease 2019 during the pandemic is reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction with nasal swab. Despite being highly effective, the test does not leave the patient risk-free and can lead to serious complications. These can be traumatic nasal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula and its consequences, such as meningitis.

Macrophage Polarization in the Perivascular Fat Was Associated With Coronary Atherosclerosis.

Background Inflammation of the perivascular adipose tissue (PvAT) may be related to atherosclerosis; however, the association of polarized macrophages in the pericoronary PvAT with measurements of atherosclerosis components in humans has not been fully investigated. Methods and Results Coronary arteries were dissected with surrounding PvAT. We evaluated the percentage of arterial obstruction, intima-media thickness, fibrous cap thickness, plaque components, and the number of vasa vasorum.

INNERVATION OF THE MEDIAN NERVE MOTOR BRANCHES IN THE FOREARM AND ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE.

Objective: To analyse the anatomical variations of the median nerve motor branches in the elbow region.

Methods: Twenty upper limbs of 10 adult male cadavers were prepared by intra-arterial injection of a solution of 10% glycerol and formaldehyde. All cadavers belonged to the institution anatomy laboratory.

TRANSFER OF THE RADIAL NERVE BRANCHES FOR THE TREATMENT OF THE ANTERIOR INTEROSSEOUS NERVE LESION: AN ANATOMICAL STUDY.

Objective: This anatomical study aimed to analyze the possibility of transferring the radial nerve branches destined to the brachioradialis (BR), extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL), extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB), and supinator (SM) muscles to innervate the AIN.

Methods: Ten limbs from five male cadavers were prepared by intra-arterial injection of a solution of 10% glycerol and formalin.

Results: The presence of only one branch to the BR muscle was noted in 7 limbs and two branches were noted in three limbs.

A digital image-based method for determining of total acidity in red wines using acid-base titration without indicator.

This work proposes the use of digital image-based method for determination of total acidity in red wines by means of acid-base titration without using an external indicator or any pre-treatment of the sample. Digital images present the colour of the emergent radiation which is complementary to the radiation absorbed by anthocyanines present in wines. Anthocyanines change colour depending on the pH of the medium, and from the variation of colour in the images obtained during titration, the end point can be localized with accuracy and precision.

[Rhinoscope-guided nasotracheal intubation in a one-year old child with Osteogenesis imperfecta: case report].

Background And Objectives: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare, autosomal dominant disease. Anesthesia for patients with OI has several challenges; among them, management of the airways and the choice of anesthetic technique should be mentioned. The objective of this report was to describe the case of a child with this disorder associated with hydrocephalus who underwent total intravenous anesthesia and rhinoscope-guided nasotracheal intubation for a ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

The role of TP53 PRO47SER and ARG72PRO single nucleotide polymorphisms in the susceptibility to bladder cancer.

Several studies have investigated the association between TP53 Arg72Pro and an increased risk of developing bladder tumors, with controversial results. Taking advantage of the high admixture rates in the Brazilian population, we genotyped 94 bladder cancer patients (76 males and 18 females; aged 21-96 years old; 67 ± 13 years old; 79 smokers and 15 nonsmokers) carefully paired with 159 controls (104 males and 55 females; aged 20-100 years old; 65 ± 21 years old; 126 smokers and 33 nonsmokers) with respect to environmental exposure, diet routine, lifetime occupational history, smoking history, general health conditions, and previous diseases. Arg/Pro genotype was under-represented in the patient population, and conferred a 44% lower risk of bladder cancer.

Genetic polymorphisms associated with cigarette smoking and the risk of Graves' disease.

Objective: Cigarette smoking is a well-recognized risk factor of Graves' disease and, particularly, Graves' ophthalmopathy. Hence, germline polymorphisms of detoxification genes and genes belonging to the major DNA repair-apoptosis pathways might have an important role in disease susceptibility. In addition, as some of these genes are regulated by thyroid hormones, they may affect the patients' outcomes.