Potential Protein Blood-based Biomarkers in Different Types of Dementia: A Therapeutic Overview.

Biomarkers capable of identifying and distinguishing types of dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), Lewy body dementia (LBD), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), have become increasingly relentless. Studies on possible biomarker proteins in the blood that can help formulate new diagnostic proposals and therapeutic visions of different types of dementia are needed. However, due to several limitations of these biomarkers, especially in discerning dementia, their clinical applications are still undetermined.

Apolipoprotein E ε4 allele impairs cortical activity in healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease.

Aim: To investigate the influence of apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype on cortical activity, using the event-related potential P300 in healthy older adults and individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: A cohort of 37 healthy older adults and 48 with AD participated in this study and completed an auditory oddball task using electroencephalographic equipment with 21 channels (10-20 system). APOE genotyping was obtained by real-time PCR.

Home-Based Exercise for People With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Exercise performed at home could be a useful therapy for people with chronic kidney disease. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at describing the characteristics, main findings, methodological quality, and adherence rate reported in the existent randomized controlled trials that have provided information regarding the impact of home-based exercise programs on people with chronic kidney disease.

Methods: Electronic databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, and CENTRAL) were searched up to April 2021, using the keywords: "Exercise"; "Home"; "Kidney Disease.

Efficacy of Physical Exercise on Cortical Activity Modulation in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review.

Objective: To investigate the effects of physical exercise on cortical activity measured via electroencephalogram (EEG) in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Data Sources: PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and SciELO databases were searched using: "physical exercise," "physical activity," "physical therapy," "exercise," "training," "electroencephalogram," "electroencephalography," "EEG," "mild cognitive impairment," "cognitive dysfunction," and "MCI." The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement was followed and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale was used to assess the risk of bias of each study.

ADAM10: Biomarker of mild cognitive impairment but not of cognitive frailty.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) associated with physical frailty gave rise to the new concept of cognitive frailty. Previous studies have suggested that MCI may represent a condition that precedes Alzheimer's disease (AD), in view of its higher conversion rate to dementia, when compared with the conversion rate of cognitively healthy older adults. Therefore, and considering that MCI represents a reversible condition, the identification of biomarkers for this condition is imperative to early diagnosis.

A systematic review and meta-analysis on cognitive frailty in community-dwelling older adults: risk and associated factors.

Objectives: To identify which factors are associated with cognitive frailty (CF), as well as the impact of CF on the incidence of dementia and mortality.

Methods: A systematic review with meta-analysis was carried out using papers that enrolled a total of 75,379 participants and were published up to January 2020.

Results: Of the 558 identified records, 28 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review.

Efficacy of Gene Therapy to Restore Cognition in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the main cause of dementia and it is a progressive neurogenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques. There is currently no cure; however, some treatments are available to slow down the progression of the disease, including gene therapy, which has been investigated to have great potential for the treatment of AD.

Objective: The aim of this review was to identify the efficacy of gene therapy to restore cognition in AD.

A Systematic Review of Altered P300 Event-Related Potential in Apolipoprotein E4 () Carriers.

Background: Apolipoprotein ε4 allele () is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and seems to be related to cognitive decline and damaged event-related potential P300, which is a sensitive measure to assess cognitive processing.

Objective: This research aims to critically review the existing scientific evidence regarding the association between and P300.

Methods: A systematic review was carried out up to January 2020 on the following databases: Web of Science, Scopus and Medline/PubMed.

Blood-based Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease: The Long and Winding Road.

Background: Blood-based biomarkers can be very useful in formulating new diagnostic and treatment proposals in the field of dementia, especially in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, due to the influence of several factors on the reproducibility and reliability of these markers, their clinical use is still very uncertain. Thus, up-to-date knowledge about the main blood biomarkers that are currently being studied is extremely important in order to discover clinically useful and applicable tools, which could also be used as novel pharmacological strategies for the AD treatment.

Adherence, Adhesion, and Dropout Reasons of a Physical Activity Program in a High Social Vulnerability Context.

Background: One of the most important health determinants is social vulnerability, which can interfere in the practice of physical activity (PA). This study aimed at analyzing adherence to a PA program in a high social vulnerability context.

Methods: A longitudinal study with a 6-month intervention period was conducted.

Cognitive, functional and physical activity impairment in elderly with Alzheimer's disease.

Unlabelled: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive degenerative disorder that negatively affects quality of life of patients and family members.

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the cognition, level of physical activity and functioning of elderly individuals with mild AD and those without dementia.

Methods: The study comprised 24 elderly with mild AD (mean age = 76.

On the use of the P300 as a tool for cognitive processing assessment in healthy aging: A review.

Unlabelled: Changes in patterns of performance for the cognitive functions of memory, processing speed, and focused attention are expected in old age.

Objective: The main goal of this systematic review was to analyze the use of ERP in healthy elderly in studies evaluating the P300 components.

Methods: A systematic review was carried out based on recommendations for nursing research on the databases LILACS, PsycINFO, PubMed, SCOPUS and .

Effects of Physical Exercise on the P300 of Elderly With Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Evidence regarding the benefits of physical activity on the mental processing information of patients with Alzheimer's disease assessed objectively is scarce and can be observed through event-related potentials, such as the P300. The aim of the study was to identify the effects of physical exercises on mental processing information in the elderly with Alzheimer's disease through neurophysiological measures (P300 amplitude and latency) and reaction time.

Methods: A total of 31 patients with Alzheimer's disease participated in this study: 14 in functional exercise (FE) group and 17 in social gathering (SG) group who carried out three 1-hour sessions per week of FE and SG activities, respectively, for a 12-week period.

Effects of Functional-Task Training on Older Adults With Alzheimer's Disease.

The aim of this study was to verify the effects of functional-task training on cognitive function, activities of daily living (ADL) performance, and functional fitness in community-dwelling older adults with diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A total of 57 participants (22 functional-task training group [FTG], 21 social gathering group [SGG], 14 control group [CG]) were recruited. Participants in both intervention groups carried out three 1-hr sessions per week of a functional-task program and social gathering activities for 12 weeks.

Effects of physical activity on the P300 component in elderly people: a systematic review.

The effects of physical activity on brain function can be assessed through event-related potentials (P300) that reflect cortical activities related to cognitive functions. P300 latency represents the information processing time; longer latencies represent slower processing. P300 amplitude is associated with the attentional system and working memory, with higher amplitudes representing more preserved functions.

[Psychoneuroimmunological predictors for burden in older caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease].

Introduction: The responsibility of giving care to patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) may result in health changes in the older caregiver. It is important to explore the factors which influence the presence of care burden and to create strategies to face this condition. In this context, the aims of present study were to investigate the relationships between psychoneuroimmunological parameters and determine the predictors to burden in older caregivers of patients with AD.

Effects of weight training on cognitive functions in elderly with Alzheimer's disease.

Unlabelled: Deterioration in cognitive functions is characteristic in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may be associated with decline in daily living activities with consequent reduced quality of life.

Objective: To analyze weight training effects on cognitive functions in elderly with AD.

Subjects: 34 elderly with AD were allocated into two groups: Training Group (TG) and Social Gathering Group (SGG).

P300 latency and amplitude in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review.

Unlabelled: The P300 plays a key role as a method for monitoring and evaluating dementia, including Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: The goal of this study was to search for articles which analyzed P300 latency and amplitude values in Alzheimer's disease.

Methods: We searched in the following databases: Web of Science, Pub Med, Psyc Info, Medline, Biological Abstracts and Scielo using the following keywords: speed of information processing, processing speed, information processing, aged, older, elderly, older people, alzheimer dementia, alzheimer disease, Alzheimer and cross-references of selected articles.

Physical exercise modulates peripheral levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF): a systematic review of experimental studies in the elderly.

Unlabelled: The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of studies that analyzed the effect of physical exercise on the peripheral levels of BDNF in elderly individuals.

Method: We conducted a search in PsycINFO, Biological Abstracts, Pubmed, Web of Science, and Science Direct from 1990 to 2011, using the following keywords: "physical exercise", "physical activity", "physical therapy", "training", "BDNF", "neuroplasticity", "neurotrophins", "neuroplasticity proteins", "aged", "older", "elderly". The articles were considered for inclusion in the review if they were studies with elderly, assessed peripheral (serum and/or plasma) BDNF and evaluated an acute exercise or chronic exercise (training).

Multimodal exercise intervention improves frontal cognitive functions and gait in Alzheimer's disease: a controlled trial.

Aim: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of a multimodal exercise intervention on frontal cognitive functions and kinematic gait parameters in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Methods: A sample of elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease (n=27) were assigned to a training group (n=14; aged 78.0±7.

Balance, executive functions and falls in elderly with Alzheimer's disease (AD): a longitudinal study.

Elderly individuals with AD are more susceptible to falls, which might be associated with decrements in their executive functions and balance, among other things. We aimed to analyze the effects of a program of dual task physical activity on falls, executive functions and balance of elderly individuals with AD. We studied 21 elderly with probable AD, allocated to two groups: the training group (TG), with 10 elderly who participated in a program of dual task physical activity; and the control group (CG), with 11 elderly who were not engaged in regular practice of physical activity.