Vascular and Vasogenic Manifestations of Systemic ANCA-Associated Vasculitis with Renal Involvement in Non-Contrast Brain MRI in Patients with Acute Disease Onset.

Background. Data concerning central nervous system (CNS) alterations in ANCA-associated vasculitis with renal involvement (AAVR) are sparse. The study aimed to assess vascular and vasogenic brain alterations in patients with acute onset of AAVR and the applicability of non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques in this diagnosis.

Efficacy of Cerebrolysin Treatment as an Add-On Therapy to Mechanical Thrombectomy in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Due to Large Vessel Occlusion: Study Protocol for a Prospective, Open Label, Single-Center Study With 12 Months of Follow-Up.

This study is designed to determine the efficacy of Cerebrolysin treatment as an add-on therapy to mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in reducing global disability in subjects with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We have planned a single center, prospective, open-label, single-arm study with a 12-month follow-up of 50 patients with moderate to severe AIS, with a small established infarct core and with good collateral circulation who achieve significant reperfusion following MT and who receive additional Cerebrolysin within 8 h of stroke onset compared to 50 historical controls treated with MT alone, matched for age, clinical severity, occlusion location, baseline perfusion lesion volume, onset to reperfusion time, and use of iv thrombolytic therapy. The primary outcome measure will be the overall proportion of subjects receiving Cerebrolysin compared to the control group experiencing a favorable functional outcome (by modified Rankin Scale 0-2) at 90 days, following stroke onset.

IL-1α and IL-6 predict vascular events or death in patients with cerebral small vessel disease-Data from the SHEF-CSVD study.

Purpose: The natural clinical course of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) was not thoroughly described. The aim of this single center cohort study was to establish biochemical predictors of vascular events and death in CSVD patients during a 24-month follow-up.

Patients And Methods: A total of 130 functionally independent patients with marked MRI features of CSVD and recent lacunar stroke (n = 52,LS), vascular Parkinsonism (n = 28,VaP) or dementia (n = 50,VaD) were prospectively recruited.

Cerebral and Extracerebral Vasoreactivity in Patients With Different Clinical Manifestations of Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease: Data From the Significance of Hemodynamic and Hemostatic Factors in the Course of Different Manifestations of Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease Study.

Objectives: Endothelial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cerebral small-vessel disease (SVD). Little is known about the relationship between SVD and measures of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and cerebral vasomotor reactivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate cerebral and extracerebral endothelial dysfunction in patients with different manifestations of SVD and to assess the relationship between endothelial dysfunction and radiologic markers of SVD.

IL-6, PF-4, sCD40 L, and homocysteine are associated with the radiological progression of cerebral small-vessel disease: a 2-year follow-up study.

Background: Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), however, it is not clear if specific biomarkers related to ED are associated with radiological progression of SVD.

Methods: A single-center, prospective cohort study was conducted among consecutive, adult patients with SVD. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association of each baseline biomarker (highest vs lowest tertile) and the MRI radiological outcome after 2 years.

Aspirin Resistance: Risk Factors and Prognostic Significance in Patients with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease.

Background: The clinical significance of aspirin resistance (AR) in patients with symptomatic cerebrovascular disease is not well known. The aim of this single-center, prospective study was to examine the prevalence, risk factors and prognostic significance of AR in patients with different clinical manifestations of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) over 24-month follow-up.

Methods: We studied 104 patients with MRI confirmed CSVD, including those with recent lacunar stroke (LS, n=49), vascular parkinsonism (VaP, n=16) and dementia (VaD, n=39).

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in treatment of post polio syndrome.

Background: Post polio syndrome is a rare disease that occurs decades after polio virus infection. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a treatment option with proved effectiveness in drug resistant depression. Possibly it can be helpful in therapy of other neurological diseases including post polio syndrome.

Risk of vascular events in different manifestations of cerebral small vessel disease: A 2-year follow-up study with a control group.

Background And Purpose: Natural course of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) has not yet been thoroughly studied. The aim of the single center study was to establish risk of vascular events or death in different manifestations of CSVD.

Methods: 150 consecutive, functionally independent patients with marked MRI features of CSVD and with recent lacunar stroke (n = 52, LS), deep hemorrhagic stroke (n = 20, HS), vascular parkinsonism (n = 28, VaP), vascular dementia (n = 50, VaD) and 55 controls (CG) with high atherothrombotic risk free of cerebrovascular events were prospectively recruited and followed for 24 months.

Association between hemostatic markers, serum lipid fractions and progression of cerebral small vessel disease: A 2-year follow-up study.

Introduction: Little is known if hemostatic markers and serum lipid fractions can predict further radiological progression beyond vascular risk factors in cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). We investigated whether they are associated with SVD radiological progression and if they are related to different SVD clinical manifestations.

Methods: A single-center, prospective, cohort study with 2 years of radiological follow-up was performed in consecutive patients with different SVD manifestations.

Vascular parkinsonism and vascular dementia are associated with an increased risk of vascular events or death.

Introduction: The natural course of vascular parkinsonism (VaP) and dementia (VaD) due to cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is not well known. The aim of this single-center study was to evaluate the long-term risk of vascular events, death and dependency in patients with VaP or VaD and to compare it with patients without cerebrovascular disease but with high atherothrombotic risk.

Material And Methods: Seventy-eight consecutive, functionally independent patients with MRI features of SVD and with recently diagnosed VaD ( = 50) and VaP ( = 28) and 55 controls (control group - CG) with high 10-year risk of total cardiovascular disease (SCORE ≥ 5%) were prospectively recruited and followed for 24 months.

Limbic encephalitis - a report of four cases.

Usually limbic encephalitis (LE) is a paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome. LE symptoms can precede cancer even by a few years. Almost 50% of LE cases are connected with small cell lung carcinoma.

[Patient with Creutzfeld-Jakob disease - a case report].

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare syndrome of central nervous system caused by infectious protein called prion. There are four types of CJD: sporadic (sCJD), familial (fCJD), jatrogenic (jCJD) and variant (vCJD). The most frequent symptoms are rapidly progressing dementia, mioclonias, akinetic mutism and signs of cerebellum dysfunction.

Post-polio syndrome. Cases report and review of literature.

It is estimated that around 15 million people survived polio infection worldwide since early twentieth century. In 1950 effective vaccination was used for first time. Since that time number of affected people decreased.

Clinical Application of Autologous Adipose Stem Cells in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Preliminary Results.

The clinical outcome of autologous adipose stem cell (ASC) treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) was investigated following one year of observation. . The clinical and MRI outcomes of 16 ASC-treated patients with RRMS and SPMS are reported after a one-year follow-up period.

Adipose-Derived Cells (Stromal Vascular Fraction) Transplanted for Orthopedical or Neurological Purposes: Are They Safe Enough?

Although mesenchymal stem cells are used in numerous clinical trials, the safety of their application is still a matter of concern. We have analysed the clinical results of the autologous adipose-derived stem cell treatment (stromal vascular fraction (SVF) containing adipose-derived stem cells, endothelial progenitors, and blood mononuclear cells) for orthopedic (cartilage, bone, tendon, or combined joint injuries) and neurologic (multiple sclerosis) diseases. Methods of adipose tissue collection, cell isolation and purification, and resulting cell numbers, viability, and morphology were considered, and patient's age, sex, disease type, and method of cell administration (cell numbers per single application, treatment numbers and frequency, and methods of cell implantation) were analysed and searched for the unwanted clinical effects.

BLOOD COUNT IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS TREATED WITH MITOXANTRONE IN SHORT TIME OBSERVATION.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating disease that affects the central nervous system. Etiology of MS is undiscovered but it is assumed that both genetic and environmental triggers play an important role in disease pathogenesis. Mitoxantrone (MTX) is an antracycline antibiotic that is used in oncologic treatment of breast, prostate, liver, ovarian and stomach cancer.

[Evaluation of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation effectiveness in treatment of psychiatric and neurologic diseases].

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a treatment option with proved effectiveness especially in drug resist depression. It is used in functional brain mapping before neurosurgery operations and diagnostic of corticospinal tract transmission. Many studies are performed to evaluate rTMS using in treatment of obsessive - compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, autism, strokes, tinnitus, Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, cranial traumas.

[Mitoxantrone role in treatment of primary progressive multiple sclerosis].

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, autoimmunological disease of central nervous system in which axonal damage in brain and spinal cord is observed. It is second most common cause of disability in young adults in West Europe and North America after injuries. There is 2.

[Pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of sporadic cerebral small vessel disease].

Sporadic small vessel disease (sSVD) is one of the most common vascular disease of the central nervous system (CNS). It is the main cause of lacunar stokes, hemorrhages to deep brain regions and chronic CNS diseases such as vascular parkinsonism and dementia. Beside a high and growing incidence of sSVD especially in the elderly population, the knowledge of ethiopathogenesis and optimal treatment of sSVD have not been established.

Cardiac effects of mitoxanthrone therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Mitoxanthrone (MTX) is a synthetic anthracycline antibiotic that has been used for several years in the treatment of patients with primary progressive, secondary progressive, and relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) who do not respond to other drugs. MTX has antineoplastic, immunomodulatory, and antibacterial properties. The most common adverse effects of MTX include nausea and vomiting, hair loss, increased risk of urinary and respiratory tract infections, and amenorrhea.

The occurrence of tumors of the central nervous system in a clinical observation.

Unlabelled: Brain tumor is an abnormal growth of cells in central nervous system (CNS). The most common primary brain tumors are: gliomas, meningiomas, pituitary adenomas and craniopharyngiomas. The secondary group are metastatic tumors.

[Neurological complications during treatment of the tumor necrosis alpha inhibitors].

Medications with TNF-alpha inhibitors family are successfully applicable in rheumatology, gastroenterology, dermatology and neurology. Still, the ongoing research on the safety assessment of their application, also due to neurological complications. The vast majority of these complications is associated with an increased risk of serious virus (Herpes simplex--JC) and bacterial (Listeria monocytogenes) neuroinfections.

[Monoclonal antibodies from neurological and neuropsychological perspective].

The role of monoclonal antibodies and other proinflammatory cytokines in the regulatory processes of the central and peripheral nervous system is not yet fully understood. Clinical studies show that they are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease or other neurodegenerative disabilities with cognitive impairments. Genetic basis of these disorders is still in research.

Significance of Haemodynamic and Haemostatic Factors in the Course of Different Manifestations of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: The SHEF-CSVD Study-Study Rationale and Protocol.

Rationale. This paper describes the rationale and design of the SHEF-CSVD Study, which aims to determine the long-term clinical and radiological course of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and to evaluate haemostatic and haemodynamic prognostic factors of the condition. Design.

[Semantic variant of the fluent primary progressive aphasia--case report].

Unlabelled: Originally progressive aphasia (primary progressive aphasia - PPA) is a specific clinical syndrom, recognized as one of three forms fronto-temporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). This group also includes fronto-temporal dementia (FTD) and semantic dementia (SD). The classification of Bonner et al distinguished three variants of PPA: logopenic, agrammatic and semantic PPA.