Limitations in the comparison of the Brazilian National Dietary Surveys of 2008-2009 and 2017-2018.

Objetive: To present particular characteristics of two Brazilian National Dietary Surveys (Inquéritos Nacionais de Alimentação - INA) and the methodology used to better compare their data.

Methods: This study details the differences between both INA conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in 2008-2009 and 2017-2018. We present the alterations in data collecting methods and food composition tables as well as the analysis strategies recommended to obtain such data.

Most consumed foods in Brazil: evolution between 2008-2009 and 2017-2018.

Objective: To describe the evolution of food consumption by the Brazilian population in 2008-2009 to 2017-2018.

Methods: Data from the National Dietary Surveys of 2008-2009 and 2017-2018 were used. Both surveys estimated food consumption of two non-consecutive days of individuals aged 10 years or older.

How pathological criteria can impact prognosis of tongue and floor of the mouth squamous cell carcinoma.

Other: Pathological parameters have been indicated as tumor prognostic factors in oral carcinoma.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of pathological parameters on prognosis of patients affected only by tongue and/or floor of the mouth squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Methodology: In total, 380 patients treated in the Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA) from 1999 to 2006 were included.

Factors associated with hospitalization and death among TB/HIV co-infected persons in Porto Alegre, Brazil.

In locations with a high rate of tuberculosis (TB) and HIV infection, there are a number of strategies to prevent negative outcomes such as opportunistic infections, hospitalizations and death, and this article investigates risk factors for the occurrence of hospitalization and death in cases of TB/HIV co-infection in the south of Brazil. The data are taken from a population-based retrospective cohort study on cases of TB/HIV co-infection from 2009 to 2013 in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Sociodemographic, epidemiological and clinical variables were analyzed.

Toxoplasma gondii-skeletal muscle cells interaction increases lipid droplet biogenesis and positively modulates the production of IL-12, IFN-g and PGE2.

Background: The interest in the mechanisms involved in Toxoplasma gondii lipid acquisition has steadily increased during the past few decades, but it remains not completely understood. Here, we investigated the biogenesis and the fate of lipid droplets (LD) of skeletal muscle cells (SkMC) during their interaction with T. gondii by confocal and electron microscopy.

Spontaneous stage differentiation of mouse-virulent Toxoplasma gondii RH parasites in skeletal muscle cells: an ultrastructural evaluation.

Although the predilection for Toxoplasma gondii to form cysts in the nervous system and skeletal and heart muscles has been described for more than fifty years, skeletal muscle cells (SkMCs) have not been explored as a host cell type to study the Toxoplasma-host cell interaction and investigate the intracellular development of the parasite. Morphological aspects of the initial events in the Toxoplasma-SkMC interaction were analysed and suggest that there are different processes of protozoan adhesion and invasion and of the subsequent fate of the parasite inside the parasitophorous vacuole (PV). Using scanning electron microscopy,Toxoplasma tachyzoites from the mouse-virulent RH strain were found to be attached to SkMCs by the anterior or posterior region of the body, with or without expansion of the SkMC membrane.

Evaluation of percutaneous absorption of 4-nerolidylcathecol from four topical formulations.

Antioxidants such as vitamins E and C are known to play a significant role in ameliorating or preventing oxidative damage to the skin. However, to provide a satisfactory protection they must first permeate the skin, which serves as a permeation barrier. In this study we evaluated the influence of three different formulations (gel, gel-emulsion and emulsion) on the percutaneous absorption of 4-nerolidylcathecol, an antioxidant compound isolated from Pothomorphe umbellata root extracts.