Antifungal Properties of Essential Oils Derived from the Genus Cymbopogon: A Systematic Review.

Essential oils (EOs) are products of secondary metabolism with recognized organoleptic characteristics and biological properties. Recently, there has been a growing demand for EOs in the national and international market, mainly due to the recognition of their use as complementary medicine practices, and the increased use in the industries of pharmaceutics, cosmetics, well-being, veterinary and agroecology, boosting the productive sector. In this context, EOs from grasses of the Cymbopogon (Poaceae) are promising sources of bioactive compounds, due to their recognized biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, repellent, and larvicide.

Uncovering cloves: characterization of volatile compounds present in clove cigarettes.

Indonesian clove cigarettes-called "" due to the crackling sound that can be heard when the product burns-are tobacco products containing clove and the "", a mixture of essential oils and plant extracts whose ingredients are mostly kept in secret. It is important to determine which ingredients those are to properly assess the effects that clove cigarettes can cause. An organoleptic, qualitative and quantitative analysis was made in 9 different brands of clove cigarettes obtained in Brazil.

Essential Oil Rich in Dillapiole: Development of Hydrogel-Thickened Nanoemulsion and Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Intended for Skin Delivery.

The essential oil extracted from the leaves of Piper aduncum, an aromatic plant from the Amazon region, is rich in dillapiole and presents anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, nanoemulsions (NE) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), which are biocompatible nanostructured systems of a lipid nature, were prepared by high-pressure homogenization for the yet unexplored skin delivery of dillapiole. The addition of hydroxyethylcellulose produced hydrogel-thickened NE or NLC in view to improving the viscosity and skin adherence of the nanoformulations.

Development, validation and application of a gas chromatography method for the determination of dillapiole from Piper aduncum essential oil in skin permeation samples.

The essential oil extracted from the leaves of Piper aduncum has antifungal, insecticidal and antibacterial activity. Studies with its main compound, dillapiole (DIL) revealed antibacterial and anti-inflammatory potential. Despite all this bioactivity, there is no updated report on the development and validation of analytical and bioanalytical methodology to quantify DIL in skin samples.

Correlation between the Skin Permeation Profile of the Synthetic Sesquiterpene Compounds, Beta-Caryophyllene and Caryophyllene Oxide, and the Antiedematogenic Activity by Topical Application of Nanoemulgels.

Sesquiterpene compounds are applied as permeation promoters in topical formulations. However, studies exploring their impact on nanostructured systems, changes in permeation profile, and consequently, its biological activity are restricted. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the skin permeation of the major sesquiterpenes, beta-caryophyllene, and caryophyllene oxide from the oleoresin of , after delivery into topical nanoemulgels, and the in vivo antiedematogenic activity.

Where should I start? A scoping review about the publications on clove cigarettes.

Introduction: The general lack of knowledge about the composition of clove cigarettes and the large number of terms that can be used to define different types of cigarettes that contain cloves makes it difficult to find scientific articles focused on the subject. We reviewed the publications that cited clove cigarettes to assess their relevance.

Methods: We searched publications on Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Portal CAPES during the first semester of 2021, without date restrictions.

DoE-assisted development and validation of a stability-indicating HPLC-DAD method for simultaneous determination of five cannabinoids in Cannabis sativa L. based on analytical quality by design (AQbD) concept.

Introduction: Medical uses of Cannabis sativa L. have gained interest in recent decades, which highlights the need for defining appropriate quality specifications for Cannabis-based products. However, the complexity of plant matrices and structural similarity between cannabinoids make analytical development a challenging task.

Medical cannabis regulation: an overview of models around the world with emphasis on the Brazilian scenario.

Cannabis sativa has accompanied humankind since ancient times, permeating the most diverse aspects of its existence, among which the search for health promotion and well-being stands out. Nevertheless, during the twentieth century, a series of restrictions and controls have been adopted internationally to prevent the abusive use of this species. Despite that, there has been an increased demand for the medical use of cannabis and its derivatives in the last few decades, especially among patients with debilitating conditions for which the existing therapeutic alternatives are limited.

Dried matrix spots: an evolving trend in the toxicological field.

Dried matrix spot (DMS) is a sampling technique, primarily used to analyze blood to diagnose metabolic diseases in newborns. As this technique has several advantages, DMS has started to be employed for other purposes using other biological matrices and increasingly in toxicology over the last decade. The aim of this work was to review the analytical methods using DMS which can be applied to drugs of abuse and which have been published since 2010.

Fragmentation of Cannabinoids by Flow Injection Analysis Tandem Mass Spectrometry (FIA-MS/MS).

Background: The analysis of plant material from Cannabis sativa L. has long been targeted on its main psychologically active metabolite, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). In addition to the diverse plant composition and medicinal interest in several cannabinoids, these compounds may also be related to the different characteristics of samples sold illegally.

Study of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) extraction FROM dried oral fluid spots (DOFS) and LC-MS/MS detection.

Background: Oral fluid is a widely studied matrix able to isolate the primary Cannabis constituent THC, facilitating its detection via mass spectrometry, and in most cases link these findings to recent drug use. As an alternative to liquid oral fluid, dried oral fluid spots (DOFS) is a simple and a low-cost sampling technique. It has shown improved stability compared to liquid samples, allowing for the possibility to preserve the specimens under various temperature and humidity conditions.

Forensic analysis of anabolic steroids tablets composition using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (µATR-FTIR) mapping.

The use of falsified and unregistered drugs is a worldwide public health problem. Because these global market products usually do not follow the Good Manufacturing Practices required by health legislation, its composition may be completely different from the original or may contain relevant concentrations of impurities and toxic contaminants. Since anabolic steroids are among the main irregular therapeutic classes seized in Brazil, here we propose a new methodology for analyzing these products, in tablets form, using Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy (µATR-FTIR) mapping.

Lisdexamfetamine and amphetamine pharmacokinetics in oral fluid, plasma, and urine after controlled oral administration of lisdexamfetamine.

Lisdexamfetamine (LDX) is a long-acting prodrug stimulant indicated for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and binge-eating disorder (BED) symptoms. In vivo hydrolysis of the LDX amide bond releases the therapeutically active d-amphetamine (d-AMPH). This study aims to describe the pharmacokinetics of LDX and its major metabolite d-AMPH in human oral fluid, urine and plasma after a single 70 mg oral dose of LDX dimesylate.

Healing activity of hydrogel containing nanoemulsified β-caryophyllene.

β-caryophyllene is a sesquiterpene present in the oil of many plant species, such as Copaifera sp., which has been shown to possesses potent anti-inflammatory action; however, its healing activity remains under study. The objectives of the present study were to produce a nanoemulsion containing β-caryophyllene followed by a hydrogel containing nanoemulsified β-caryophyllene, to evaluate the permeation profile in vitro, and to assess the in vivo healing activity, which is so far unexplored in the literature for pure β-caryophyllene and in pharmaceutical formulation.

Development and Validation of a Method Using Dried Oral Fluid Spot to Determine Drugs of Abuse.

A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method using dried oral fluid spots was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of cocaine, benzoylecgonine, cocaethylene, amphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine. The oral fluid was applied to a Whatman 903 grade paper and submitted to a drying time of 2.5 h.

Comparison between counterfeit and authentic medicines: A novel approach using differential scanning calorimetry and hierarchical cluster analysis.

Erectile dysfunction medicines such as Cialis and Viagra are very popular worldwide and are between the most prevalent counterfeit medicines in Brazil. A range of analytical methods has been used to analyze Cialis and Viagra, such as ATR-FTIR, GCMS and UPLC-MS. Until now, there are no data available of DSC methods for analysis of counterfeit medicines of Cialis and Viagra.

Clinical and Toxicological Profile of NBOMes: A Systematic Review.

Background: NBOMes are a new class of potent hallucinogens widely present in illicit drugs. Little is known about this class of drugs, regarding its detection and clinical manifestations of intoxication.

Objective: This study aims to enhance care involving NBOMes by reviewing the literature on their clinical manifestations and laboratorydetection.

Optimization, validation and application of headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography for the determination of 1-nitro-2-phenylethane and methyleugenol from Aniba canelilla (H.B.K.) Mez essential oil in skin permeation samples.

Aniba canelilla (H.B.K.