[The role of prophylactic examinations in detecting thyroid disorders. Preliminary results].

Preface: Nonpalpable nodules in the thyroid are frequent and estimated to be found in 50% of people above 50 year of age when goiter in adult population is found in 4-10%. Thyroid nodules in 5% are of neoplastic character and their diligent investigation is necessary with USG, FNA and certain biochemical factors evaluation. Screening is an important part of diagnosing thyroid gland.

[Significance of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) in rheumatoid arthritis].

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), where both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses contribute to the destruction of cartilage and inflammation of synovium. This article presents genetics, properties and mechanisms of action of TNF alpha in RA. In addition, results of experimental and clinical studies are summarized, showing that treatment with antagonists against TNF alpha proved to be beneficial to the patients with RA by modifying the course of disease, slowing its progress and reducing its symptoms.