Non-ceruloplasmin copper and urinary copper in clinically stable Wilson disease: Alignment with recommended targets.

Background & Aims: Wilson disease (WD) is caused by accumulation of copper primarily in the liver and brain. During maintenance therapy of WD with D-penicillamine, current guidelines recommend on-treatment ranges of urinary copper excretion (UCE) of 200-500 μg/24 h and serum non-ceruloplasmin-bound copper (NCC) of 50-150 μg/L. We compared NCC (measured by two novel assays) and UCE from patients with clinically stable WD on D-penicillamine therapy with these recommendations.

Colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases share common salivary proteomic pathways.

Inflammatory bowels diseases (IBD) are high risk conditions for colorectal cancer (CRC). The discovery of IBD and CRC noninvasive protein/peptide biomarkers using saliva and feces was the aim of this study involving 20 controls, 25 IBD (12 Crohn's Disease-CD), 37 CRC. By untargeted proteomic (LTQ-Orbitrap/MS), a total of 152 proteins were identified in saliva.

Innate Immunity Activation in Newly Diagnosed Ileocolonic Crohn's Disease: A Cohort Study.

Background: Recent studies showed that early surgery for Crohn's disease leads to a lower recurrence rate. However, the underlying mechanism is unknown.

Objective: The study aims to analyze the innate immunity microenvironment in ileal mucosa according to the duration of Crohn's disease.

Follow-up evaluation and management of anemia in inflammatory bowel disease: A study by the Italian Group for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IG-IBD).

Background: The RIDART I study found a 13.6% prevalence of anemia in Italian patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); most cases were due to iron-deficiency anemia (IDA).

Aims: To evaluate changes in hemoglobin concentration during a 24-week follow-up of anemic patients with IBD.

Leaving behind a diseased small bowel during surgery for Crohn's disease: Long-term outcomes.

Purposes: Stricture is a common complication of Crohn's disease (CD) and may be treated with bowel-sparing procedures. Our study analyzed what happens in terms of intestinal and systemic inflammation when the diseased bowel is left behind following surgery.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we enrolled 42 consecutive patients who underwent strictureplasty (alone or with resection) for stricturing CD.

Biomarkers in IBD: What to Utilize for the Diagnosis?

The role of biomarkers in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease is not fully characterized. C-reactive protein has a short half-life and elevates quickly after the onset of an inflammatory process; the performance is better in Crohn's disease than in ulcerative colitis. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate is easy to determine, widely available, and cheap, but the long half-life, the influence of age, anemia, smoking, and drugs limit its usefulness.

Personalize, participate, predict, and prevent: 4Ps in inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a complex, immune-mediated, disorder which leads to several gastrointestinal and systemic manifestations determining a poor quality of life, disability, and other negative health outcomes. Our knowledge of this condition has greatly improved over the last few decades, and a comprehensive management should take into account both biological (i.e.

The cost of inflammatory bowel disease in high-income settings: a Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission.

The cost of caring for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) continues to increase worldwide. The cause is not only a steady increase in the prevalence of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in both developed and newly industrialised countries, but also the chronic nature of the diseases, the need for long-term, often expensive treatments, the use of more intensive disease monitoring strategies, and the effect of the diseases on economic productivity. This Commission draws together a wide range of expertise to discuss the current costs of IBD care, the drivers of increasing costs, and how to deliver affordable care for IBD in the future.

Trientine tetrahydrochloride versus penicillamine for maintenance therapy in Wilson disease (CHELATE): a randomised, open-label, non-inferiority, phase 3 trial.

Background: Wilson disease is an inherited disorder of copper transport. Whereas penicillamine is used therapeutically to re-establish copper balance, trientine is indicated for patients with penicillamine intolerance. We aimed to compare penicillamine with trientine tetrahydrochloride (TETA4) for maintenance therapy in patients with Wilson disease.

Validation of the Padova Prognostic Score for Colitis in Predicting Long-Term Outcome After Restorative Proctocolectomy.

Background: In 10%-20% of cases it is impossible to make a differential diagnosis between ulcerative colitis and Crohn's colitis. A 50% failure rate of J pouch ilea-anal anastomosis is observed in Crohn's colitis. In 2009, we created the Padua Prognostic Score for Colitis (PPSC) to predict the long-term clinical and functional outcome and quality of life of patients undergoing restorative proctocolectomy with J pouch.

Prevalence, Pathogenesis and Management of Anemia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An IG-IBD Multicenter, Prospective, and Observational Study.

Background: Anemia is a common extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with a 6% to 74% prevalence and a negative impact on patient survival and quality of life, although the prevalence is apparently declining due to improved disease treatment. We aimed to investigate the prevalence, pathogenesis, and clinical correlates of anemia in Italian patients with IBD.

Methods: A multicenter, prospective, observational study, involving 28 Italian gastroenterology centers, was conducted to investigate the epidemiology and consequences of IBD-associated anemia.

Role of ER Stress Mediated Unfolded Protein Responses and ER Stress Inhibitors in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Previous investigations have increased the knowledge about the pathological processes of inflammatory bowel diseases. Besides the complex organization of immune reactions, the mucosal epithelial lining has been recognized as a crucial regulator in the commencement and persistence of intestinal inflammation. As the intestinal epithelium is exposed to various environmental factors, the intestinal epithelial cells are confronted with diverse cellular stress conditions.

Incident Colorectal Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) risk is increased in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and surveillance needs to be tailored according to individual risk. The open issues include the role of the characteristics of IBD and CRC in determining the long-term outcome. These issues were assessed in our multicenter study, including a cohort of 56 IBD patients with incident CRC.

Serum Levels of PCSK9 Are Increased in Patients With Active Ulcerative Colitis Representing a Potential Biomarker of Disease Activity: A Cross-sectional Study.

Background/goal: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by chronic inflammation and progressive course, with potential extraintestinal complications including cardiovascular mortality. Serum proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) levels have been recently recognized as biomarkers of low-grade inflammation and cardiovascular disease. The aim of our study was to evaluate PCSK9 levels in patients with UC and different degrees of disease activity.

Switching from Infliximab Originator to SB2 Biosimilar in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Multicentric Prospective Real-Life Study.

Background: Current literature still lacks studies evaluating the effectiveness and safety of switching from Infliximab originator to SB2 biosimilar in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs). We aimed to verify the ability of SB2 to maintain the clinical and biochemical response induced by originator after switching. As secondary outcome, we aimed to verify safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of SB2 biosimilar compared with its IFX originator.

Therapy in elderly IBD patients.

Introduction: Appropriate treatment is critical in elderly inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) subjects since they are at higher risk of complications such as infections, malignancies and mortality.

Evidence Acquisition: We conducted an extensive PubMed search for guidelines, systematic reviews and primary studies to perform a critical analysis of the existing literature on the efficacy and safety of conventional and biological therapies for elderly IBD patients.

Evidence Synthesis: Due to the exclusion of elderly population from clinical trials, most evidences comes from real-life studies.

Female reproductive health and inflammatory bowel disease: A practice-based review.

Inflammatory bowel diseases, namely ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, occur worldwide and affect people of all ages, with a high impact on their quality of life. Sex differences in incidence and prevalence have been reported, and there are also gender-specific issues that physicians should recognize. For women, there are multiple, important concerns regarding issues of body image and sexuality, menstruation, contraception, fertility, pregnancy, breastfeeding and menopause.

Immunolocalization of leptin and leptin receptor in colorectal mucosa of ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and control subjects with no inflammatory bowel disease.

The expression of leptin and leptin receptor (Ob-R) has been partially elucidated in colon of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), even though leptin is involved in angiogenesis and inflammation. We previously reported overexpression of GLUT5 fructose transporter, in aberrant clusters of lymphatic vessels in lamina propria of IBD and controls. Here, we examine leptin and Ob-R expression in the same biopsies.

Faecal microbiota transplantation in Clostridioides difficile infection: real-life experience from an academic Italian hospital.

Background: Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a reasonable therapeutic option for the treatment of infection (CDI) recurrent and refractory (RCDI) to therapy, but little evidence on the long-term impact of this therapy is currently available in the literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of FMT in recurrent and refractory CDI and the modifications of the recipient's gut microbiota in the medium-long term.

Methods: This prospective study collects the clinical and laboratory data of RCDI patients treated with FMT by colonoscopy from February 2016 to October 2019.

Prognostic Role of Mismatch Repair Status, Histotype and High-Risk Pathologic Features in Stage II Small Bowel Adenocarcinomas.

Background: Small bowel adenocarcinoma is a relatively rare cancer, often diagnosed in an advanced stage. In localized and resectable disease, surgery alone or in combination with adjuvant chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment. In the recently published National Comprehensive Cancer Network Clinical Practice guidelines, criteria for selecting patients with stage II small bowel adenocarcinoma to receive adjuvant chemotherapy are provided, and they are mainly extrapolated from studies on colorectal cancer.