Gender Gap for Accelerometry-Based Physical Activity Across Different Age Groups in 5 Brazilian Cohort Studies.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the gender inequalities in accelerometer-based physical activity (PA) across different age groups using data from 5 Pelotas (Brazil) cohorts.

Methods: The data come from 4 birth cohort studies, covering all live births in the urban area of Pelotas for each respective year (1982, 1993, 2004, and 2015), and the Como vai? cohort study focusing on 60 years and above. Raw accelerometry data were collected on the nondominant wrist using GENEActive/ActiGraph devices and processed with the GGIR package.

[Body image and associated factors among students from the municipal school network in a city in southern Brazil].

A negative perception of body image is related to worsening of physical and mental health. This cross-sectional study sought to describe the relationship between body image and demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral factors in ninth grade students from 25 municipal elementary schools in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. A total of 810 students participated (85% of those eligible), aged 13 to 22 years (mean age 14.

Standardized phase angle: relationship with functionality, muscle mass and postoperative outcomes in surgical cancer patients.

To evaluate the association of standardized phase angle (SPA) with nutritional status, functional parameters, and postoperative outcomes in surgical cancer patients. This prospective study includes 59 cancer patients from Pelotas (Brazil) admitted for elective cancer surgery. We obtained the phase angle through Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) and standardized it according to the population's reference values.

Resistance training presents beneficial effects on bone development of adolescents engaged in swimming but not in impact sports: ABCD Growth Study.

Background: Sports practice during adolescence is important to enhance bone development, although it may provide different effects depending on the mechanical impact present in the sport. Besides, resistance training (RT) may also induce bone changes directly (via muscle contractions) and indirectly (via myokines). However, there have been no studies analyzing the longitudinal influence of engaging in sport with and without added mechanical load.

[Bullying victimization and associated factors among schoolchildren in a city in the south of Brazil].

The objective was to assess the prevalence of bullying victimization and associated factors among adolescents in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted with 795 ninth grade students from 25 urban municipal schools linked to the School Health Program. Bullying was assessed using questions that addressed the occurrence, frequency, location, type of violence suffered and how much it bothers the victims.

Price elasticity of demand for ready-to-drink sugar-sweetened beverages in Brazil.

The taxation of sugar-sweetened beverages is a policy that has been adopted in many countries worldwide, including Latin American, to reduce sugar consumption. However, little is known about how taxation on these products may affect their demand. The present study aims to estimate the price elasticity of demand for sugar-sweetened beverages in Brazil.

Validation of dysphagia perception to predict the risk for dysphagia in non-institutionalized older adults.

Background And Aims: Dysphagia is a swallowing disorder that affects mainly the older adults and can compromise quality of life, and increase the risk for malnutrition and aspiration. Early diagnosis is, therefore, essential to prevent adversities. We aimed to evaluate the validity of self-perceived dysphagia in community-dwelling older adults (60 years or older) from Pelotas, Brazil, participants in the "COMO VAI?"

Methods: The Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) was used as the reference tool to identify the risk for dysphagia and the self-perception of dysphagia was assessed using the following question: "Do you have swallowing difficulties?" (Yes/No).

Healthy eating markers among adolescents from the municipal school system in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2019: a cross-sectional study.

Main Results: Around 3% of the students regularly consumed the five healthy eating markers, with beans being the most frequently consumed; strong association was found between healthy eating markers and behavioral variables. Implications for services: The results obtained can contribute for interventions, programs and actions, particularly in the school environment, aimed at promoting an adequate and healthy diet.

Perspectives: Better targeting of interventions, programs and actions developed in the school environment, seeking to increase consumption of fresh and minimally processed food, along with the adoption of healthy behaviors.

[Prevalence of water intake among non-institutionalized elderly individuals in Southern Brazil].

The scope of this study was to determine the percentage of elderly individuals receiving an adequate water intake and associated factors among non-institutionalized elderly individuals in the urban area of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. It involved a cross-sectional, population-based study carried out in 2014 with elderly participants (≥ 60 years) of the "COMO VAI?" survey. The amount of water ingested per day of the interviewees was investigated, considering the intake of at least eight glasses per day to be adequate.

Functional dentition and edentulism associated with mortality: A cohort study of older adults in Southern Brazil.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the lack of a functional dentition and edentulism with mortality in a cohort of older adults in a Southern Brazilian city.

Materials And Methods: This is a longitudinal study carried out with community-dwelling older adults (≥60 years old) from Pelotas, Brazil, using data from the baseline (2014) and the first follow-up (2017). Main exposures were functional dentition (20+ teeth present) and edentulism (absence of all teeth), derived from self-reported number of teeth.

Changes in Physical Performance among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Six Years.

Changes in physical performance (PP) occur with aging, and understanding the magnitude of these changes over time is important. This study evaluated changes in Gait Speed (GS) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) performance and their association with related factors among community-dwelling older adults over a period of five to six years. A cohort study of 476 older adults with baseline assessment conducted in 2014 and reassessment in 2019-2020 was carried out.

Muscle Quality in Older Adults: A Scoping Review.

Objective: This scoping review aimed to map out currently available definitions and assessment methods of muscle quality in older adults.

Design: Scoping review.

Setting And Participants: All available studies.

Difficulties in the use of medications by elderly people followed up in a cohort study in Southern Brazil.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the need for help by elderly people to take their medications, the difficulties related to this activity, the frequency of forgotten doses, and factors associated.

Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted with a cohort of elderly people (60 years and over - "COMO VAI?" [How do you do?] study), where the need for help to properly take medication and the difficulties faced in using them were evaluated. The Poisson regression model was used to estimate the crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) of the outcomes and respective 95% confidence intervals according to the characteristics of the sample.

Age is the most important factor for change in body mass index and waist circumference in older people in southern Brazil.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the changes in body mass index and waist circumference (WC) and their associations with sociodemographic, behavioral, and health characteristics in non-institutionalized older people in southern Brazil over a period of ≤6 y.

Methods: This is a prospective study, with interviews conducted in 2014 and in 2019 to 2020. Of the 1451 individuals from Pelotas, Brazil, aged >60 y and interviewed in 2014, 537 were reevaluated in 2019 to 2020.

Applicability of the SARC-F questionnaire by remote interview.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the applicability of the strength, assistance with walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs, and falls (SARC-F) questionnaire by telephone to identify sarcopenia risk (SR; SARC-F ≥6) and low muscle function risk (LMFR; SARC-F ≥ 4) and their associated risk factors in a cohort of community-dwelling older adults in southern Brazil.

Methods: A longitudinal study was carried out with community-dwelling older individuals from COMO VAI?

Study: Sociodemographic, behavioral, and health-related information were collected at baseline, and, in the second assessment, the SARC-F questionnaire was applied by phone or in-person interviews. Older adults identified with sarcopenia at the baseline assessment were excluded.

Sugar sweetened beverages intake and risk of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases in longitudinal studies: A systematic review and meta-analysis with 1.5 million individuals.

Background: Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) are associated with adverse outcomes in adults and understanding the strength, consistency and biological gradient of the association between SSB consumption and health-related outcomes is important. We aimed to examine longitudinal associations between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) intake and obesity and cardiometabolic diseases (type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease and stroke) in adults.

Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis searching for articles published until December 2021 in the Pubmed, Lilacs, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, and Scopus databases (PROSPERO CRD42021234206).

Physical Activity and Multimorbidity Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis.

Objective: This study evaluated the relationship between physical activity (PA) and multimorbidity in community-dwelling older adults.

Data Source: A systematic review and meta-analysis in the following databases: Pubmed, Lilacs, Scielo, Web of Science, Scopus, and AgeLine.

Study Inclusion And Exclusion Criteria: It included observational studies investigating the association between physical activity and multimorbidity, with older adults, published until May 2021.

Diet quality among adolescents in the public education system in a municipality in Southern Brazil: a cross-sectional study, 2019.

Objective: To identify the factors associated with the diet quality among 9th grade students in the municipal education system of Pelotas, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, conducted in 2019. Food information was collected using a food frequency questionnaire, and diet quality was assessed through an index developed by the authors.

[Use of anticholinergic drugs among the elderly and a comparison between risk scales: a population-based study].

The pattern of morbidity and mortality has changed in recent years due to the increase in chronic noncommunicable diseases, leading to multiple comorbidities and the use of several medications. The scope of the study was to evaluate the anticholinergic drugs used by elderly people, according to risk scales. It involved a population-based cross-sectional study with elderly people.

Objective and Self-Reported Physical Activity and Risk of Falling Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults From Southern Brazil.

This study evaluated prospective associations between self-reported and objectively measured physical activity (PA) and risk of falls among older adults. A cohort study started in 2014 with 1,451 community-dwelling older adults living in Pelotas, Brazil. Leisure-time PA was obtained by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and 7-day raw accelerometer data evaluated for total, light PA, and moderate to vigorous PA.

Agreement between muscle mass assessments by computed tomography and calf circumference in patients with cancer: A cross-sectional study.

Background & Aims: Cancer influences body composition, including a loss of muscle mass (MM), associated with worse outcomes. The study aimed to evaluate the agreement between MM estimated by calf circumference (CC) and computed tomography (CT) image as a reference method.

Methods: A cross-sectional study including patients (>20 years) diagnosed with cancer attending a reference center of oncology.